energy Security

The global nuclear energy scene is changing rapidly. Some countries are phasing out nuclear technology. Some are in the nuclear renaissance, planning to promote the most ambitious new construction programme. Statemen make the proper decision in nuclear policy striking the best balance of domestic energy policies, energy-concerned foreign policies, and the dynamism of international relations. This study tries to analyse the political aspects of nuclear programmes in foreign policies and international relations in the Persian Gulf region. The study examines the reasons why oil & gas producer states want to acquire nuclear energy/weapons. It reviews the structural, psychological, and technological dimensions of nuclear politics in a neoclassical realism paradigm to find the balancing energy strategies. The research examines policy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Iran. Different states' power and different perceptions of the international system allow for explaining various role players in foreign policy and energy politics. The theoretical starting point of this thesis is Neoclassical Realism in the literature of international relations. This theory offers venues for the analysis of energy diplomacy. The theory concentrates on material power and underlines the importance of state domestic structure, as well as the statesmen’s perception of the international system. These aspects create the opportunity to explain the different positions of energy choices in foreign policies of different states.

The decades-long imbroglio in Afghanistan has negative impacts on both the domestic and foreign affairs of Pakistan. Along with other economic, political and strategic impacts, it also negatively impacts the interests and connectivity with energy-rich Central Asian Republics. The primary objective of this study is to explore the impacts of Afghanistan’s issue on Pakistan’s engagement in Central Asia. The imbroglio is impacting Pakistan's engagement with Central Asia in two ways. First, Afghanistan is located on the crossroad; all the shortest routes connecting Pakistan with Central Asia cross through its territory. Therefore, the insecurity in the country made it unconducive for any connectivity project. Trans-Afghan railway project, TAPI, TAP-500, CASA-1000, and many other projects between the two regions are still a dream. Second, the Afghan policy of Pakistan to support the Taliban was not liked by the CARs. It has also negatively impacted Pakistan's engagement with them. This study is based on the Complex Interdependence Theory, which helps to understand why, despite these problems and differences, Pakistan and CARs are cooperating and working together.

In the late twentieth century, many important facts that led to clear-cut changes in the structure of energy security issues, the most prominent of which was the global strategic oil reserve. These facts prompted regional circles to build a new world order, which includes many issues of energy security and ensuring the actor’s supplies. Regionally, the energy security sector in Iraq witnessed major challenges resulting from the security conditions and economic transformations. After the withdrawal of American forces from Iraq in 2011, security challenges increased significantly. Extremist armed groups such as ISIS attacked Oil areas, which led to a major threat to oil production and export. Oil facilities in Iraq witnessed several terrorist attacks and sabotage operations, which negatively affected the country’s ability to achieve sustainable production and export of energy supply Therefore, the operations to liberate the oil regions by the Iraqi forces from the control of the terrorist organization ISIS contributed to the Iraqi government seeking to put forward economic initiatives, most notably the development path to secure Iraqi energy supplies, in achieving economic prosperity for the country and the regional environment. this article analyzes the impact of energy security strategy for Iraq, The descriptive method is used in this article and the geopolitical and Geo-strategic transformations to it against Iraq after defeat ISIS, The main purpose of the article is to explain Iraq's goals in developing energy supply that aims to create a Economic well-being regional and international.

The expansion of economic relations in the shadow of diplomatic relations is considered one of the most important approaches to the development of political systems. This issue is especially important for developing countries so that they can implement an important part of their development-oriented policies by insisting on expanding economic relations with international economic powers. The important issue is that the Islamic Republic of Iran has faced deep challenges in achieving its economic development goals, many times, due to the sanctions policies of the United States. This problem becomes more realistic when the economy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is basically uniaxial and based on oil exports. Today, investment is called as the engine of economic growth and since investment leads to the creation of employment, economic growth, social welfare and income for the country and has a significant impact on components such as bargaining, international prestige and dealing with threats. Therefore, Iran's acceptance of China's investment as a superpower in the economic market and its oil strategies, in addition to securing the interests of both countries, will include the realization of the vision of the oil industry and the breaking of American sanctions against Iran. ; Therefore, from the point of view of Iranian politicians, the policy of looking to the East and attracting foreign investment and specifically strengthening political and economic relations with China is a correct strategic policy, which in addition to breaking the sanctions, can lead to internationalization and extensive interaction with the world, especially the countries The Eastern Bloc fought against it with the aim of preventing the United States from building a consensus in the international system and accompanying other international powers.