Suicidal Thoughts

This study aimed to compare impulsivity, sleep disorder, and suicidal thoughts in marijuana users and non-users. The present study was a comparative causal study. The statistical population of this study included students consuming marijuana as well as non-consuming students at the University of Gilan. Fifty male students consuming marijuana in the age group of 18 to 33 years were selected by purposive and snowballs sampling, and 50 non-consuming students were selected and placed in the other group. Participants completed the Bart (1995) Impulse Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (1989), and the Beck Suicide Thought Scale (1961), respectively. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance, chi-square test, and independent t-test with SPSS-22 software. The results showed that marijuana users scored higher on all three subscales of impulsivity, i.e., cognitive, motor, and unplanned impulsivity, and showed a significant difference with the non-consumer group. In terms of sleep disorders, marijuana abusers in six subscales out of seven subscales, i.e., mental quality, sleep delay, sufficient sleep, sleep disorders, hypnotic drug, and daily sleep disorders, a significant difference with the non-consumer group. Moreover, in the suicidal ideation scale, people with marijuana abuse had a higher mean score on the Beck suicidal thoughts scale. Conclusion: The research findings can be used in designing therapeutic interventions for people addicted to marijuana.

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on suicidal ideation, emotional self-regulation, and psychological flexibility in adolescents with suicidal ideation who were referred to a social emergency center. The research method was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The population of the study included all adolescents with suicidal ideation who visited the counseling center of the social emergency in Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh city in 2021. Thirty participants (15 in the control group and 15 in the experimental group) were selected from this population by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group received eight 90-minute sessions of group ACT, while the control group was put on a waiting list. Data were collected using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-2), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI). Data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the posttest mean scores of the reappraisal component of emotion regulation and suicidal ideation. However, there was no significant difference in the flexibility and suppression components of emotion regulation. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that psychologists and psychotherapists working in social emergency centers or with adolescents use the results of this study to improve emotion regulation and reduce suicidal ideation in their adolescent clients

Persistent depressive disorder is a psychopathological entity with suicidal risk. This study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy (EST) and Schema Therapy (ST) on suicidal thoughts in patients with persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia). The present study was a type of quasi-experimental design with pre-test-post-test- multi-group follow-up. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all patients with permanent depression disorder (dysthymia) who were referred to the Shiraz County Psychological Counseling and Psychological Services Centers in 2017-2018. The sample consisted of 60 patients who were selected by a purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups based on emotional schema therapy (n = 20), a schema therapy group (n = 20), and a control group (n = 20). The therapies took eight sessions in 90 minutes, three days a week for three months. Additionally, the control group was provided with treatments as usual and did not receive any interventions. After finishing treatment sessions, the post-test was completed by three groups. In the present study, processing suicidal thoughts, a questionnaire was used. The research data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance using SPSS.21. The results showed that schema therapy reduced the suicidal thoughts in patients with persistent depressive disorder in the schema therapy group compared with the emotional schema therapy and control groups (p <0.001). Based on the research results, emotional schema therapy and schema therapy can be used as effective methods to reduce suicidal thoughts, but schema therapy was more effective.