Distress

Purpose: Considering rich theoretical underpinnings of positive psychology (PP), the current study aimed to investigate the effects of an extra educational curriculum on the basis of PP on distress and attainment of Iranian high school students who are living in dormitories in boarding schools. Methodology: This is an empirical study with a post-test only control group design in which a sample of 346 male students were selected through convenience sampling from two boarding schools in Qom city during 2018-2019. A translated and validated version of K10 distress questionnaire (Kessler et al, 2010) was administered to them and 67 students with high distress symptoms were identified and randomly allocated to a control group (N=23), experimental group one (N= 22) and experimental group two (N=22). First, the experimental group underwent 16 sessions (twice a week for 90 minutes) of PP curriculum integrated with religious counseling. Employing a post-test only control-group design, the group’s performance on a distress scale (Goldberg, 1981) and their mean scores were compared after the intervention. Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA tests were used to compare differences between the groups. Findings: Findings revealed that positive curriculum alleviated distress symptoms of the experimental groups vis-à-vis the control (χ2 (2) = 52.851, p ≤ 0.001). Also, to investigate the effect of the intervention on educational attainment, their semester mean scores were analyzed through ANOVA (F = 8.244(2, 66), p≤0.001) where promising results were obtained. Conclusion: It was concluded that both interventions exerted meaningful effects on the attainment and distress of dorm-living students. Also, follow-up studies added proof on the permanence of the effects.

Objective: This study aimed to model quality of life based on perceived stress and distress tolerance of the elderly in Ilam: The mediating role of hardiness. This applicable study conducted through descriptive-structural equation modeling. Method: The statistical population was elderly people of Ilam city (N=9496) during 2020. The sample size calculated using Power-G software (2007) as 384 cases. The sample selected by aim oriented sampling method based on inclusion criteria in public places of Ilam city. Participants completed the standard questionnaires of the quality of life World Health Organization (1996), Cohen Perceived Stress (1994), Distress Tolerance Scale of Simmons and Gohar (2005), and the Kobasa hardiness Questionnaire (1982). Data analyzed in SPSS25 and Amos -25 software. Results: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between perceived stress, distress tolerance, and hardiness with the quality of life of the elderly in Ilam city. Similarly, there is a significant relationship between perceived stress and distress tolerance with Hardiness. Conclusion: The results of the structural equation model showed hardiness has a mediating role in the relationship between quality of life with distress tolerance and perceived stress. They have a total, direct, and indirect effect on variables

Purpose Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is usually observed among women of reproductive age, so, it may be worsened by emotional and somatic symptoms. The main aim of this investigation was to assess the predictability of pain intensity and psychological distress by personality traits and self-regulation skills among the Iranian female population. Methods The data were collected via numeric pain assessment, DASS-42, NEO, SRQ, and demographic questionnaire. The significant level was set at 0.05. In this study, we used the method of variance-based structural equations by PLS software. Results Pearson correlation between total score of self-regulation skills and subscales of DASS-42 stress, anxiety, and depression were respectively (0.78), (0.71), and (0.73). Thenceforward, the correlation between pain intensity and total score of self-regulation skills was (0.72). Moreover, results showed that the correlation between personality traits scores with subscales of DASS-42 stress, anxiety, and depression were respectively (0.71), (0.73), and (0.87). Finally, data analysis demonstrated a correlation between self-regulation skills and pain intensity (0.70). (P= 0.05) Conclusions This article shows that personality traits and self-regulation skills can significantly predict the degree of pain intensity and psychological distress among females before and during menstruation concerning mediating role of suggestibility and attitudes toward menstruation.