Leisure Time

Leisure is an opportunity for self-development, self-definition and community rejuvenation, acquisition of experience and development of social interactions. However, it is "relatively" free and constrained by factors such as gender, cultural and social policies governing societies. The current study is aimed at examining married women's leisure problems in Tehran from the viewpoint of experts. The research method is qualitative while the Thematic Analysis is used for data analysis and the illustrated problems. 23 semi-structured interviews conducted with three groups of experts (policymakers, executives and university professors). Two global themes of "Intra-governmental" and "Extra-governmental" problems are taken through the experts on the leisure problems of the target group. "Marginalization", "inequality and discrimination", "scattered policy making and implementation", "demonstrative policies" and "apathy" are "Intra-governmental problems" whereas "restriction", "excess and negligence in leisure activities" and "body as project" are forming "Extra-governmental problems". The results of this study illustrate that leisure problems for married women in Tehran have a cultural root and are caused by "cultural neglect and misunderstanding". Thus, cultural solutions can provide a framework for other solutions to function.

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting social loafing in sports leisure time of university students in Mashhad (Firdausi Mashhad and Imam Reza). The research method was descriptive-survey in terms of propose and field based in terms of the data collection. The statistical population consisted of male student-athletes of Mashhad universities from which 118 were randomly selected as statistical samples. The research instrument included a researcher-made questionnaire based on research background, the validity of which was assessed by six professors in the field of sports science and its reliability was also assessed by Cronbach's alpha test (0.84). Based on the results, the items of socio-sports loafing for students constitute 50.20% of the total variance and the model for assessing the causes of socio-sports loafing of students, based on the results of factor analysis, has appropriate validity. Moreover, there is a significant correlation between the causes of socio-sports loafing (dodgery, felling of self-inferiority, group characteristics and egocentricity) in students (P <0.01). Furthermore, the results of all factors are higher than the average. Considering the relative importance for each of the studied factors among athlete student, it seems that one of the important reasons for such a fact is the change in lifestyle and the tendency of people to use modern technologies, which reduces the activity of people in society, especially young people, young athletes and young students. Many of these people, due to their strong presence in virtual activities, are less inclined to do group work and are more likely to perform individual actions and achieve their personal goals.

Human beings are constantly active to live their everyday life. They spend long hours of their life on working and activity in closed and confined environments. That along with urbanization, mental and psychological traumas and physical harms has led some to think about leisure time and its significance in their life. Meantime, various schools of thought and ideologies attach great significance to leisure time. Islam also recognizes the necessity of tourism, as a prescribed form of leisure time, at individual and social life. In this regard, tourism with a spiritual approach is followed by an intellectual upgrade and spiritual evolution of humans, leading to intellectual and spiritual enrichment. This study has been conducted to examine the status of leisure time and tourism in the holy Quran and hadiths. This descriptive-analytical research, which is based on Quranic verses and hadiths frequently narrated in authenticated books, aims to examine various aspects of leisure time and tourism in the Quran and hadiths. The findings of this research show that Islam views leisure time as a moral issue. Relying on the Quranic verses and hadiths, tourism may be divided into halal (permissible), makrouh (non- recommended) and haram (strictly forbidden). Quranically tourism with a spiritual approach brings about serenity, durability and blessings while being faith-based and beyond gender division.

Purpose- Leisure is influential in shaping social identity and helpful for social growth, which occurs in legal and illegal ways. The illegal form is a behavior that is out of control and causes irreversible damage to individuals and their families. Therefore, investigating the role of illegal leisure time (gambling and betting games) is necessary to improve the quality of social life, especially for rural households. To this end, this study aims to investigate the role of illegal leisure time, particularly gambling, on the social conditions of rural households. Design/methodology/approach - This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of its aim and method. The data collection tools are questionnaires and interviews from a sample of 362 households. The statistical population is rural households, both involved and uninvolved, in Varza Jang (an animal fight tournament) located in Kuchesfahan District, Belesbeneh Rural District (N = 5819). A sample group was selected using Cochran’s Formula and Quota sampling. In addition, a one-sample t-test, Friedman rank test and path analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings- The results of the t-test showed that in the component of social anomalies, the indicator of violence and tension in the family with an average of 3.86 had the highest, and the indicator of suicide with an average of 1.39 had the lowest social effects on the studied rural households. Also, in the component of family and individual abnormalities and problems, the stress indicator in children with an average of 3.91 had the highest, and the indicator of family separation and divorce with an average of 2.89 had the lowest average affecting the social effects of the respondents. Also, the results of the path analysis showed that betting and gambling were effective on all indicators of the two components of social anomalies and individual anomalies. Originality/value- For this reason, gambling significantly impacts children's stress, violence, tension and divorce in families.

SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES : The current research was carried out with the aim of designing a strategic model of sports leisure management and its function in the human life with a combined approach. METHOD AND FINDING : In terms of practical purpose, the present research was a combination of sequential exploratory and survey collection methods. The statistical community in the qualitative section includes members of the scientific team of sports sciences and specialists in leisure time and strategic planning; these people were selected for qualitative interviews in the research topic (22 interviews with 22 people and continued until theoretical saturation). The statistical population of the quantitative part includes the experts of the Ministry of Sports and the youth of Iran. The results of the analysis of the qualitative data obtained from the interview, the paradigmatic model of the strategic plan of sports leisure with an emphasis on the Iranian model in the form of six dimensions.In the designed model, the support of managers, acceptance of employees, team participation and organizational culture are considered as causal factors in the strategic plan of sports leisure time with an emphasis on the Iranian model, which provide the reasons for the success of the strategic plan. In the quantitative part, it was also determined that all 6 main components of the research have a suitable fit, so the research model has a sufficient fit. CONCLUSION : Considering that the basic problem of youth and teenagers is the identity gap and its product is fascination and self-loss in front of the invading western culture, this determines their lifestyle, which is far from the Islamic lifestyle. Therefore, the basic strategy in Leisure Time is to create an identity; Because, cultural invasion attacks values in a special way and puts them under its influence.