احمدرضا لطفی

احمدرضا لطفی

مطالب
ترتیب بر اساس: جدیدترینپربازدید‌ترین

فیلتر های جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۱ تا ۲۰ مورد از کل ۲۳ مورد.
۱.

Attitudes Toward Back-channeling in Iranian EFL Online Vs. Regular Classes(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal Of English Language and Literature Teaching, Volume ۲, Issue ۲, September ۲۰۲۳ 115 - 141

کلیدواژه‌ها: Back-channels code-switching Students Talk Time Teacher Talk Time

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۸ تعداد دانلود : ۸
Due to the vital role of back channels in mutual understanding and their use in many aspects of language learning, the present study investigated the attitudes toward back-channeling in Iranian EFL online versus regular classes. The study was quasi-experimental in design, with interviews and recording of course sessions by ZDF Soft Screen Recorder and the voice Memos application in both classes to measure the duration of silence, TTT (Teacher Talk Time), STT (Student Talk Time), BC (Back Channels), and other activities such as TCS (Teachers' Code-Switching), SCS (Students’ Code-Witching), S (the time passed in silence). In doing so, two online classes included 30, two regular ones included 27, and four English teachers of the participants were randomly selected from the Kanoon Language Institute in Isfahan, Iran, to take part in the study. Learners received four and a half hours of instruction per week within the course period. In the next step, all the data gathered was analyzed and statistically addressed by using, IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 26) software. The results revealed back channels had positive effects on learners in both classes. Besides, teachers and learners had positive attitudes toward using back channels, however, in online classes, learners were more willing to use back channels. The findings of this study could be fruitful for improvement with well-designed materials and explicitly teaching back channels, which can provide opportunities for learners to express their emotions, and ideas, and enhance their strengths.
۲.

An In-depth Analysis of the Cognitive Gaps between Novice and Experienced Iranian EFL Teachers(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Learning and Memory, Volume ۶, Issue ۲۱, Spring ۲۰۲۳ 12 - 38

کلیدواژه‌ها: Cognitive gaps EFL Teachers Teacher Cognition pedagogical experience pedagogical knowledge

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۰۷ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۱
The hidden constructs underlying teachers’ professional identity at a given point of teaching life are presumed to account for their practical qualities. The current study explored the cognitive skills of three groups of Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers with scant, moderate, and considerable teaching experience. To this end, a convenience sample, including 382 Iranian EFL teachers from 660 branches of five countrywide English language institutions, participated in a sequential explanatory mixed-method study. In the quantitative phase, a multivariate approach to comparison was adopted, and the three groups were compared in terms of a linear combination of nine subscales representing teachers’ pedagogical knowledge base. As shown by the results, the between-group differences in four of the nine sub-domains yielded a significant between-group gap in the overall level of teacher cognition. These differentiating knowledge areas included knowledge of learning, teaching, classroom management, and professional self. A qualitative follow-up phase was then launched in which a 95-member sample of the participants attended a retrospective interview to delve deeply into the nature of the four differentiating subdomains. The qualitative results divulged the processes and reasons underlying the four differentiating knowledge areas. The findings may have new insights into the exact nature of Iranian EFL teachers’ intellectual peculiarities at different stages of a teaching career.
۳.

Spatial Encoding in English and Persian: Typological Influences on Second Language Acquisition

نویسنده:
منبع: Iinternational Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۰, Issue ۴۱, Summer ۲۰۲۲ 49 - 63

کلیدواژه‌ها: language transfer Lexicalization Linguistic Typology Restructuring Second language acquisition Spatial Language

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۶ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۴
Cross-linguistic influence is a documented cause of errors committed by second language learners. Since Talmy (2000) proposed two categories to classify languages of the world regarding their preferred lexicalization patterns of a literal motion event, known as verb-framed and satellite-framed languages, the effect of typological properties of the first language on second language acquisition specifically in the domain of motion expressions has been subject to extensive scrutiny. The present research examines whether the typological properties of Persian (L1) and English (L2) affect adult second language acquisition, particularly in the spatial domain comparing controls (English and Persian native speakers). To this end, three groups (every 25 members) of participants were asked to watch 12 short animated cartoons representing voluntary motion carried out in vertical and trajectory directions. The participants’ descriptions were recorded and analyzed regarding information density, semantic focus, and semantic locus of utterances. The findings of the research revealed that in spite of different lexicalization patterns to encode manner in English and Persian, Persian learners of English across two levels of proficiency, do not face challenges to lexicalize motion components in English, but they produce utterances with low density which is the typical way of focusing on spatial components in their native language, suggesting that the challenge learners face encoding motion events was not a linguistic issue, but rather a cognitive one. Persian learners’ use of English motion expressions regarding information density was more aligned with that of English motion expressions as they advanced to a higher proficiency level.         
۴.

تحلیل مسیر جهت یابی در حرکات خیالی فارسی در چارچوب معناشناسی شناختی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های زبان شناسی سال چهاردهم بهار و تابستان ۱۴۰۱ شماره ۱ (پیاپی ۲۶) 69 - 86

کلیدواژه‌ها: حرکت حرکت خیالی دسته بندی حرکت خیالی گروه حرف اضافه ای مسیر

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۶
حرکت خیالی نقش مهمی در زبان و شناخت داردکه بواسطه آن می توان به بررسی مسیر جهت یابی درحرکت خیالی از دیدگاه معنا شناسی شناختی پرداخت. حرکتی است که در آن، تصویری ممتد از حرکت شئ ثابت در ذهن ایجاد می شود. تالمی (2000a:103) با دیدگاه شناختی به معرفی انواع دسته بندی های حرکت خیالی در زبان انگلیسی در قالب چندین جمله می پردازد. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر در بررسی مسیر جهت یابی در حرکت خیالی ابتدا حرکت دار بودن جملات مورد بررسی را از دیدگاه گویشور فارسی زبان ارزیابی می کند و سپس عنصرحرکت دار جملات را ازدیدگاه آنان مشخص می نماید. برای نیل به این مقصود، شانزده جمله به طور تصادفی از هریک از دسته بندی های تالمی استخراج و ترجمه شدند. برای هر جمله، جمله ای مشابه به لحاظ معنایی و متفاوت به لحاظ حرکت خیالی ساخته شد و همراه نه جفت جمله پرکننده در اختیار شرکت کنندگان قرارگرفت تا جمله های حاوی حرکت خیالی و عنصر حرکتی مشخص شود. برای برای بررسی کیفیت روایی محتوای آزمون ترجیحی و میزان انطباق جمله های ترجمه شده با هدف پژوهش، ارزیابی و آزمون مقدماتی با پنج زبانشناس و هشت شرکت کننده صورت گرفت. در این پژوهش صدوپنج نفر دانشجو براساس روش نمونه گیری در دسترس شرکت کردند که طی دو مرحله به انتخاب جمله و واژه حرکت دار پرداختند. نتایج حاکی از آن است که 9/86 درصد از شرکت کنندگان، جملات حرکت دار را انتخاب کرده اند که گروه حرف اضافه ای با بالاترین میانگین بیشترین حرکت را برای شرکت کنندگان تداعی کرده است. همچنین، فعل مرکب پس از گروه حرف اضافه ای تداعی گر بیشترین حرکت برای شرکت کنندگان بوده است. با استناد به کثرت وقوع حرف اضافه وگروه حرف اضافه ای، مسیر تداعی گر بیشترین حرکت خیالی در زبان فارسی است.
۵.

Equity on General English Achievement Tests through Gender-based DIF Analysis across Different Majors

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۰, Issue ۴۳, ۲۰۲۲ 47 - 65

کلیدواژه‌ها: Differential Item Functioning (DIF) equity Gender General English achievement test IAUGEAT IRT Test validation

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۷
This study is an investigation of gender equity in the context of the General English Achievement Test developed and used at Islamic Azad University (Isfahan Branch, IRAN), henceforth IAUGEAT, with test takers majoring in different fields of study. A sample of 835 students sitting for IAUGEAT was chosen purposively. The test scores were analyzed by the one-parameter IRT model. A focus group interview (10 test developers and language teachers) was also used to inquire into their perceptions about the impact of test takers’ gender and major on test equity. The findings of the DIF analysis indicated a reciprocal action between item type and gender DIF as some items exhibited DIF across different subgroups. In three subgroups, they favored female students. In one subgroup, they favored males. In the other two subgroups, they favored males and females alike. The qualitative data obtained from the focus group interview further confirmed the results. In general, our findings strongly suggest that checking gender equity via a Rasch-model DIF analysis is both eminent and convergent with a qualitative evaluation of test-takers' performance by test developers and instructors.      
۶.

Implementation of Hybrid and Pure Problem-based Learning in EFL Context: The case of speaking skill and self-confidence of Iranian undergraduate participants

نویسنده:
منبع: Iinternational Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۹, Issue ۳۵, Spring ۲۰۲۱ (۲) 81 - 94

کلیدواژه‌ها: Hybrid Problem-based Learning Pure Problem-based Learning self-confidence Speaking Skill

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۰۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۸۵
Problem-based Learning (PBL) as one of the newest teaching methods in the area of language teaching in second and foreign contexts, has been used by teachers in the last two decades in different institutes. In the current study, attempts were made to find out the effect of the two PBL subcategories, i.e. Hybrid Problem-based Learning (H-PBL) and Pure Problem-based Learning (PPBL) in comparison to a traditional lecture-based method, on Iranian EFL university learners’ speaking skill and their self-confidence, by implementing these two methods in the EFL classroom using eight teacher-made real-world problems. To this purpose, 56 undergraduate participants of Payam Noor university (PNU) in Abadan, Iran, were randomly selected, divided into a control group and two treatment HPBL and PPBL groups. The statistical analysis of the obtained results of the participants’ pretest-posttest scores, through one-way ANCOVA and Man-Whitney U test, revealed that the treatment groups outperformed the control group in speaking skill and self-confidence The findings of the study might bear implications for teachers and university curriculum designers to take more proper approaches towards the instructing university participants.
۷.

Evaluative Content Analysis of the Iranian EFL Textbook for Senior High School Second Graders: Vision 2

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۹, Issue ۳۷, Autumn ۲۰۲۱ 31 - 48

کلیدواژه‌ها: Analytical Evaluation Content Analysis Textbook Evaluation Vision 2

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۰۱ تعداد دانلود : ۳۰۷
This study sought to evaluate the usefulness and desirability of the English textbooks for Iranian second grade students in senior high school, Vision 2. To this end, the extent to which the textbooks materials satisfy the prescribed curriculum was explored based on Littlejohn’s (2011) evaluative framework. Employing stratified random sampling, a total of 12 private and public senior high schools (six girl students and six boy students) were selected randomly among all the schools located in the six education districts in Isfahan. To select the teacher participants, a convenience sampling method was employed and those who agreed to be surveyed took part in the study. The 20 teachers who participated in this study have been teaching Vision 2 since the beginning of 2017 fall. The process of the content analysis deals with a deeply analytical content evaluation based on a framework containing different parts (objective description analysis, subjective analysis, subjective inference) done by a teacher committee. The results revealed that there is a need to adapt the materials to the target situation of use. Such adaptation needs to cover both design- and publication-oriented aspects of the materials. As a practical implication, the findings may urge the developers of the textbooks to launch a modification project relying upon the results of the systematic phase, therefore, it may enrich English teaching and learning material in Iranian high schools.
۸.

رمزگذاری فضایی در زبان فارسی: توصیف رویدادهای حرکتی توسط فارسی زبانان(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: علم زبان سال هشتم بهار و تابستان ۱۴۰۰ شماره ۱۳ 175 - 197

کلیدواژه‌ها: رویداد حرکتی گونه شناسی زبانی الگوی واژگانی شدن رمزگذاری فضایی

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۳۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۰
پس از دسته بندی زبان های دنیا به دو مقوله فعل بنیاد و تابع بنیاد توسط تالمی که بر اساس الگوی رمزگذاری وقایع حرکتی، زبان ها را از یکدیگر متمایز می کند، در طول دهه های اخیر، تحقیقات زیادی درباره الگوهای متفاوت واژگانی کردن وقایع حرکتی انجام شده است. پژوهش پیشِ رو چگونگی واژگانی شدن رویدادهای حرکتی توسط فارسی زبانان و الگوی استفاده شده توسط آنها برای رمزگذاری حالات فضایی را مورد بررسی قرار می دهد. به همین منظور، از 25 فارسی زبان درخواست شد تا پس از تماشای 12 انیمیشن کوتاه، که بیانگر حرکات اختیاری انجام شده توسط انسان و حیوان در جهت های افقی مرزگذر و عمودی بودند، مشاهدات خود را توصیف کنند. در پی ضبط و پیاده سازی جملات شرکت کنندگان، تحلیل پاسخ های این افراد نشان داد که فارسی زبانان، برای بیان اطلاعات مربوط به حالت حرکت، غالباً ابزارهای زبانی دیگر را به ریشه فعل ترجیح می دهند. آنها همچنین تمایل دارند که مسیر حرکت را در قالب توابع توصیف کنند. بر اساس این الگوی به دست آمده از رمزگذاری حالات فضایی، فارسی زبانان، برای توصیف رویدادهای حرکتی، از یک الگوی دوگانه پیروی می کنند و می توان زبان فارسی را در هر دو مقوله (فعل بنیاد) و (تابع بنیاد) قرار داد.
۹.

The Effects of Explicit vs. Implicit Instruction on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Acquisition of English Definite and Indefinite Articles

نویسنده:
منبع: Iinternational Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۹, Issue ۳۵, Spring ۲۰۲۱ (۲) 141 - 155

کلیدواژه‌ها: Explicit Instruction Implicit instruction Textual input enhancement definite articles indefinite articles

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۷۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۹۰
The present study aims at investigating the differential effects of two types of instruction (explicit versus implicit) on the learning of English articles by Iranian EFL learners. To achieve this aim, 90 intermediate undergraduate students at Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, whose major was English Translation were selected for the experiment. Then, they were divided into three groups namely, explicit group (EG), implicit group (IG), and control group (CG). The EG received instruction on English articles through two popular grammar books-- namely ‘Essential Grammar in Use’ by Murphy (1998) and ‘Oxford Practice Grammar’ by Eastwood (1999). The second group received instruction on English articles by employing the technique of textual input enhancement. The third group received similar instruction like IG except that English articles were not enhanced for this group. After analyzing the data on pre- and posttests, the results showed that the three groups of EG, IG, and CG improved significantly from pretest to posttests. Moreover, on the posttest, the EG learners significantly outweighed the IG learners, who were in turn found to be significantly better than their counterparts in the CG. The results of this study have several important implications for the classroom practice concerning the controversial issue of teaching English articles.
۱۰.

Iranian EFL Learners’ and Teachers’ Attitudes Towards High School English Textbooks(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۴, No.۲۸, Spring & Summer ۲۰۲۱ 221 - 244

کلیدواژه‌ها: high school textbooks students attitude teachers attitude Textbook Evaluation

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۲۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۶۶
The current study aimed to evaluate the content of the English textbooks taught in Iranian senior high schools. To this purpose, the study relied upon a descriptive survey design. Through a stratified random sampling, a total of 12 senior high schools were selected from the high schools located in Isfahan. To select the teacher participants, a convenience sampling method was employed. Then, a structured questionnaire was administered to the selected teachers and students. The obtained data were statistically analyzed and item analysis revealed that the accessibility and affordability of the textbooks were the most-favored features. However, most of the students wondered whether the textbooks were equipped with supplementary (online and offline) materials. The post-hoc analysis results revealed the significant overall teacher-student disagreement towards the textbooks. Generally, the results showed that there is a need to adapt the teaching materials to the target situation of use. As a practical implication, the findings may urge the developers of the textbooks to launch a modification project in order to get more conscious in developing future textbooks. Moreover, the findings are of use for the teachers of the textbooks as well as the pedagogical policy makers. 
۱۱.

Level of Grammatical Proficiency and Acquisition of Functional Projections: The case of Iranian learners of English language

نویسنده:
منبع: Iinternational Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۹, Issue ۳۴, Spring ۲۰۲۱ (۱) 25 - 39

کلیدواژه‌ها: Functional Projections grammaticality judgment task L2 learner Picture Description Task Second language acquisition

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۴۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۸۱
Unlike Lexical Projections, Functional Projections (Extended Projections) are more of an ‘abstract’ in nature. Therefore, Functional Projections seem to be acquired later than Lexical Projections by the L2 learners. The present study investigates Iranian L2 learners’ acquisition of English Extended Projections taking into account their level of grammatical proficiency. Specifically, the aim is to identify the level of grammatical proficiency at which the acquisition of Extended Projections could occur in the process of learning English by the Iranian students. Two hundred and seventy Iranian female L2 learners of English participated in this study. Participants were administered three tests with a ten-day interval between each test. First, an Oxford Placement Test (OPT) was used to classify the participants’ level of grammatical proficiency. Second, a Grammaticality Judgment Task (GJT) was administered in order to assess the learners’ ability to recognize grammatical problems in Extended Projections. Finally, a picture description task (PDT) was administered to examine the learners’ ability to produce grammatical Extended Projections. The results indicated that the learners are able to recognize and produce English Extended Projections even at lower levels of grammatical proficiency. The results also showed that the learner’s recognition and production of English Extended Projection improves with their increased level of grammatical proficiency.
۱۲.

Collaborative Writing Practice through Online Learning: Insights from Iranian EFL Learners’ Perceptions

نویسنده:
منبع: Iinternational Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۸, Issue ۲۹, Spring ۲۰۲۰ 165-184

کلیدواژه‌ها: collaborative writing e-collaborative writing Journal Writing Perception Process Writing

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۸۷ تعداد دانلود : ۴۴۹
This study investigates the benefits of e-collaborative and collaborative writing tasks on the perception of Iranian EFL learners in a process-oriented approach. The study involved 74 intermediate Iranian EFL students at Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch. They were divided into three groups by random assignment as two experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups were required to perform their tasks in collaboration; only one of these two groups had access to the Telegram Application outside the classroom. The control group, however, followed the conventional method of learning how to write. The participants were required to write two journals during the course. They were asked to write about their understanding, attitude, and experience on the writing activity. There were 136 diary entries to be analyzed in order to discover the themes in them. These themes were literally the emerging concepts in the diary entries related to research question of the study about the participants’ perception. After the identification of these dominant themes, content analysis was performed to interpret the data. According to the results of the study, a high percentage of students’ satisfaction showed positive perceptions of e-collaborative activities, and they reported that the instructional implementation of an e-collaborative writing project with a five-stage writing process did assist EFL learners to accomplish a collaborative writing task.
۱۳.

Structural priming as implicit learning: evidence from EFL learners' production of the relative clause structure(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Applied Linguistics (IJAL) Vol. ۲۳, No. ۲, September ۲۰۲۰ 63-105

کلیدواژه‌ها: Implicit Learning Language Processing oral production Priming Relative Clause (RC) Structure Written Production

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۵
This study focused on the pedagogical application of priming in an EFL context. Structural priming refers to the speakers’ tendency to produce the structure they encountered in recent discourse in subsequent production compared to an alternative form. Given the limited number of studies in the literature with a focus on the application of priming in L2 teaching and the problems that L2 learners face during speech production, the present study aimed at investigating whether the implication of priming leads to a more frequent oral and written production of the relative clause (RC) structure compared to adjectival modification of nouns (AN) in long- and short-terms as an instance of implicit learning. Participants consisted of 60 EFL female L2 learners, aged between 18-25 years old. Two experimental and 1 control groups were defined and 20 participants were allocated to each group. By applying a pretest, a treatment, an immediate posttest, a delayed posttest design, a picture description task, and a grammaticality judgment test (GJT), the data were gathered. Results of the descriptive and inferential analyses revealed that the implication of priming led to an improvement in the rate of the RC construction when the participants were involved in the written production of the L2, as compared to oral modality. Results are discussed based on structural complexity and procedures involved in L2 production. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are considered, too.
۱۴.

Pros and Cons of Dancing in the Dark: Enhancing EFL learners' oral proficiency in an unplugged learning community

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۸, Issue ۳۱, Summer ۲۰۲۰ 75-97

کلیدواژه‌ها: Unplugged Classroom Model (UCM) English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Community of Inquiry (Co I) oral proficiency non-conventional instruction

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۵۲ تعداد دانلود : ۲۲۸
Recent thrust of research has focused on non-conventional classrooms for teaching to EFL learners. Amongst the newly developed models, Unplugged Classroom Model (UCM) is the most debated one as textbooks are aside and the syllabus is based on conversation-driven activities. This study sought to determine the pros and cons of unplugged teaching for enhancing EFL learners' oral proficiency. From a pool of 317 intermediate and upper-intermediate Iranian EFL learners, 120 intermediate and upper-intermediate learners (60 each) were selected based on SPEAK NOW 1-4 Interview Placement Exam and were divided into conventional and non-conventional classrooms at each proficiency level. The participants in the non-conventional classrooms received unplugged instruction; whereas, their counterparts in the control group (conventional) classrooms were taught according to their textbook's instruction. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to measure learners' performances before and after instruction through paper-based exams and interviews. Participants' perspectives and viewpoints in the non-conventional classrooms were analyzed using the Community of Inquiry (CoI) questionnaire and the instructor's observations, respectively. The findings revealed that not only did the UCM participants enjoy collaborative learning but also enhanced their learning ability to produce more orally proficient utterances and to expand their gained knowledge in order to scaffold their classmates' conversation.
۱۵.

From Importer of Knowledge to Researcher of the Self: Exploring the Utility of Collaborative Action Research in Distance Second Language Professional Development

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۸, Issue ۳۲, Autumn ۲۰۲۰ 63-78

کلیدواژه‌ها: collaborative action research professional development Reflective Inquiry Community of Shared Knowledge Action Research Projects

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تعداد بازدید : ۲۳۸ تعداد دانلود : ۲۷۲
Teacher professional development, as a burgeoning term, has attracted a surge of interest in English language teaching. In second language (L2) professional development, the common orthodoxy has been one which considers teachers as that of knowledge consumers. It is commonly argued that top-down approaches to teachers’ professional development has done little to maximize teachers’ professionalism. To unravel the above-mentioned dilemma, this study was an attempt to implement collaborative action research, as a viable means, to boost teachers’ professional development in a networked community of shared knowledge. To this end, thirteen male and female Iranian English teachers, within the age range of 22-35, were selected through convenience sampling. The selected participants were added to a group in WhatsApp. The online classes began with plenary debate, mostly in the form of workshops through problematizing a particular topic, which were directly linked to teachers’ actual teaching experience. Insights into the EFL teachers’ professional development were acquired through the triangulation of data from four main sources (i.e., teachers’ professional journals, reflective journals, action research projects, and semi-structured interviews). The findings revealed that engaging EFL teachers in a collaborative dialogue in a networked community of shared knowledge ultimately culminated in development of action research projects which resulted in sustained L2 professional development, whereby participating teachers developed a broader understanding of research and adopted reflective inquiry in their L2 teaching practices. The findings have important implications for language teachers in general, and EFL teachers, syllabus designers, and material developers, in particular.
۱۶.

Relationship between Iranian EFL High School Students’ Knowledge of Universal Grammar and their Performance on Standardized General English Proficiency Tests

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۷, Issue ۲۸, Winter ۲۰۱۹ 57-73

کلیدواژه‌ها: Generative SLA UG principles and parameters language testing language proficiency learner variable

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۳۷ تعداد دانلود : ۱۷۹
This study investigated the relationship between Iranian high school students’ Universal Grammar knowledge and their performance on such standardized general English proficiency tests as PET and FCE internationally administered by Cambridge University. To this end, 108 students were randomly chosen from some high schools located in Malayer from Hamedan. Since this study was correlational in nature, and descriptive and hypothesis-testing by definition, the research participants were given no treatment. Three tests were administered to them instead. To measure UG knowledge, a researcher-made UG test was given to all participants. This test which was made both reliable and valid included pied-piping and preposition stranding principle, binding principle, pro-drop parameter, that-trace effect, projection principle, resumptive pronoun and subjacency principle. To assess the participants’ general English proficiency, PET and FCE tests were run. All participants took the three tests consecutively at two-week intervals after they were given clear and detailed instructions. The findings were manifold. Firstly, there was a significant relationship between UG knowledge and performance on the proficiency tests. Secondly, there existed no significant difference between the proficiency tests as far as the UG test was concerned. Finally, the UG test scores were, through the Cubic regression model, proved to predict the scores gained on both proficiency tests. Most importantly, this study led to some suggestions regarding the learner variables and the under-explored issue of integration of generative SLA and language testing, more specifically standardized general English proficiency tests.
۱۷.

Flipped Teaching: Iranian Students’ and Teachers’ Perceptions(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Applied Research on English Language, V. ۸ , N. ۱ , ۲۰۱۹ 139 - 164

کلیدواژه‌ها: Blended Learning Constructivism Flipped Teaching students’ perceptions teachers’ perceptions

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۲۲ تعداد دانلود : ۳۲۹
In an effort to examine EFL students’ and teachers’ perceptions about the role of implementing flipped teaching in the university context, a mixed-method research approach was employed. To this end, 80 male and female Iranian advanced EFL learners majoring in English translation, literature, and English teaching and 204 Iranian EFL instructors were selected. They answered the flipped teaching questionnaires, then ten percent of the participants (8 students and 20 teachers) volunteered for follow-up qualitative data collection procedures (i.e., the interview) to let the researchers produce more profound responses to the related concepts of the study. Then, the data collected from the questionnaires were coded and analyzed. Also, the qualitative analysis of the research was done using the interview transcripts to support the quantitative analysis results of the research. It included content analysis requiring the examination of the participations' interviews transcripts. The findings of the quantitative part revealed that a majority of students held positive perceptions about engagement, effectiveness, attitudes, and positive affect through flipped instruction constructs in the flipped teaching class. University instructors also had an inclination towards implementing flipped teaching on the whole for the constructs named language improvement, attitudes about flipped instruction, better education through flipped instruction, and difficulty of implementing flipped instruction. The qualitative investigation confirmed the previously-stated results to a great extent in that the EFL students and instructors generally preferred employing flipped teaching and they had positive perceptions about the role of this approach.
۱۸.

Effects of CALL-Mediated TBLT on Self-Efficacy for Reading among Iranian University Non-English Major EFL Students

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۷, Issue ۲۶, Summer ۲۰۱۹ 85-101

کلیدواژه‌ها: task-based language teaching Computer-assisted language learning CALL-mediated TBLT Self-Efficacy Reading

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۴۱ تعداد دانلود : ۲۵۶
The rich and still expanding literature on TBLT is helping to mature both its theoretical conceptualization and practical implementation in foreign and second language education. Similarly, computer-assisted language learning (CALL) has grown as a field, with the use and integration of technology in the classroom continuing to increase and will continue to play an important role in this maturation process. The present study, hence, reports on an empirical study that investigated the effects of CALL-mediated TBLT on the perceived self- efficacy of Iranian university non-English major EFL students. Through non-probability and convenience sampling, two intact freshmen classes were chosen and randomly assigned as the experimental and the control group. During the treatment sessions, the students in the experimental group received instruction in a CALL-mediated TBLT format, while the control group received no CALL-mediated TBLT instruction but underwent only a task- based instruction on reading without the mediation of CALL. A univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was run, while controlling for pre-intervention scores as the covariate. A significant effect was found for CALL-mediated TBLT (F = 81.450, p = .000, partial eta squared =.504), suggesting CALL-mediated TBLT had a positive effect on the self-efficacy perceptions of the students in the experimental group .
۱۹.

مقاله به زبان انگلیسی: یادگیری بندِ نسبی در زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبانِ سوم (Learning of relative clauses by L3 learners of English)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: تحقیقات کاربردی زبان انگلیسی پاییز و زمستان ۱۳۹۳ شماره ۷

کلیدواژه‌ها: دو زبانگی زبان سوم فراگیری زبان سوم زبان پس زمینه

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تعداد بازدید : ۹۰۹ تعداد دانلود : ۵۳۵
در حیطه ی فراگیری زبان سوم٬ نتایج متناقض تحقیقات نشان می دهد که در میان محققان در مورد مزایا و یا معایب دو زبانگی در فراگیری زبان سوم اجماعی وجود ندارد. بنابراین دغدغه ی اصلی مطالعه حاضر بررسی تفاوت های احتمالی بین دوزبانه ها و تک زبانه ها در خصوص دانش دستور می باشد. این تحقیق تلاشی بود برای بررسی اینکه آیا زبان آموزان تک زبانه فارسی و دوزبانه فارسی- آذری در یادگیری بند نسبی زبان انگلیسی تفاوت معنی داری دارند. برای انجام این مطالعه، در مجموع دویست دانش آموز دختر در حال تحصیل در کلاس دوم دبیرستان به طور تصادفی از دو ناحیه ی آموزش و پرورش شهرهای تبریز و شیراز در ایران انتخاب شدند. تمامی شرکت کننده ها از نظر سطح زبان انگلیسی، جنسیت، و سن همگن بودند. یک آزمون استاندارد تعیین سطح زبان انگلیسی، یک پرسشنامه و دو تکلیفِ ساختارِ نحوی در هر دو گروه اجرا شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها نشان داد که تفاوت معنی داری بین زبان آموزان در ارتباط با بند نسبیِ انگلیسی وجود دارد. در نهایت، کاربردهای این پژوهش برای کسانیکه در امر یادگیری و آموزش زبان انگلیسی فعالیت دارند مورد بحث قرار گرفت.

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