وحدانه فولادی

The vernacular architecture of cities with old civilizations like Hamadan, located in a cold and mountainous area, s tems from centuries of optimizing material use, cons truction techniques, climate considerations, and the leas t use of fossil fuels to provide residents comfort. This region represents a specific type of dwelling that is a spectacular example of its climate conditions and compatible with its surrounding environment. This s tudy aims to inves tigate the geometric conformation of Hamedan houses and elicit the proper sugges tions to provide comfort conditions. To reach these goals, 15 houses located in the old dis tricts of Hamadan belonging to three different his torical eras were selected. Then, according to Mahoney's Table, Evan's index, Pen warden graph, and climate consultant software thermal comfort factors were assessed and calculated to compare elicited design s trategies with typology. These attributes to architectural s trategies for this region like southeas tern orientation, medium-sized windows, thick outdoor and indoor walls, thick insulation with sufficient temporary heating equipment, the high heat capacity of materials, compact urban texture and planning, protection agains t intensive wind aimed to provide comfort conditions. Then these methods were compared whit three eras' houses to illus trate how much compatibility was there practically, which eventually reduced in each of them.

Augmented reality (AR) builds better participation for placemaking by focusing on real time features, communication, and direct information flow between project s takeholders. This s tudy attempts to access to specification of the Augmented Reality Sys tem for Placemaking (ARSP) model and make the research a basis for a profitable e-business model. By inves tigating AR and placemaking, this research seeks to build an augmented reality sys tem specification of the information flow and communication for project s takeholders' management. This paper explores the potential for using AR technology in interior design by three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) and façade placemaking by 2D textures of brick material. The sys tem consis ts of a qualitative proof of concept (POC) model, a prototype model, and a minimum vital product (MVP) model to s tudy to compel quantitative research. The ARSP POC model, prototype model, and MVP model are programmed by building an information modeling (BIM) sys tem, Revit and Unity software, and different software development kits (SDKs) as an application for Android devices. Seventy-four experts tes ted the MVP model in the Delphi method and observed, interviewed, and filled out a ques tionnaire. The research shows that the contributions of this s tudy to the body of knowledge are twofold. Firs t, this s tudy extends the unders tanding of AR applications in placemaking. Second, this s tudy identifies possible improvements using AR sys tems in design, procurement, and cons truction.

Architectural education is one of the most complex forms of education, as it does not rely on predetermined answers; instead, students are expected to propose unique and appropriate solutions through their own creativity. Adopting an appropriate design methodology to clarify the design process is among the most critical factors that enhance students’ design quality in architectural studios. Various techniques have emerged worldwide to foster creativity, and their application as design approaches can significantly contribute to the effectiveness of architectural education studios. Among these, the TRIZ theory and the critical thinking approach have proven to be effective architectural design methodologies in the context of architectural education. This study examines and compares these two perspectives, analyzing the results of architectural education through the lens of each. The research employs a descriptive–analytical approach, with data collected through library studies using relevant books, scholarly articles, and documentary data, complemented by the Delphi technique. To this end, in-depth interviews were conducted with professors and experts. Sampling was conducted using the snowball technique, and the study reached a total of 20 interviews, determined by theoretical saturation. Findings indicate that the design process differs significantly depending on which of these two approaches is applied. From the 17 criteria extracted through document analysis and the Delphi study, several similarities and differences emerged. Among the most prominent differences are the approaches to problem definition, assessment methods, and evaluation criteria. A noteworthy point is the substantial influence of the student’s personality in determining which method they can engage with most effectively.