تبیین فرآیند مدیریت بصری مناظر شهری تاریخی با تأکید بر قابلیت های محیطی؛ نمونه مورد مطالعه: محدوده زندیه شیراز (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
کم توجهی به جنبه های بصری مناظر شهری تاریخی منجر شده تا تصاویری مخدوش و ناخوانا از مناظر در ذهن شهروندان ثبت شود؛ بنابراین به فرآیندی برای مدیریت بصری مطلوب مناظر شهری تاریخی نیاز است تا مراحل آن با در نظر داشتن قابلیت های مناظر شهری به طور کامل طی شود. ازاین رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف تدوین الگوی مدیریت بصری مناظر شهری تاریخی مبتنی بر قابلیت های محیطی در نمونه موردمطالعه و تدقیق مراحل انجام مدیریت مطلوب انجام شده است. دلیل انتخاب محدوده زندیه شیراز تغییرات این بخش در فرآیندهای توسعه و ساماندهی های اخیر است. در پاسخ به پرسش های پژوهش که فرآیند مدیریت بصری چه مراحلی دارد و در چه وضعیتی قرار دارد؟ و میزان قابلیت های محیطی در محدوده چقدر است؟ پس از انجام مطالعات کتابخانه ای و شناسایی قابلیت های محیط، با استفاده از تکنیک «شبکه تصویری» محدوده موردمطالعه شبکه بندی گردید. در گام بعد در قالب پرسشنامه تصویری از متخصصان خواسته شد تا به هر یک از قابلیت های موجود در این محدوده، متناسب با تصاویر و شناخت قبلی امتیاز دهند. علاوه بر این، وضعیت مراحل مختلف فرآیند مدیریت بصری در شیراز نیز ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که «چالش های طراحی و برنامه ریزی»، «چالش های مدیریتی» و «چالش های مرتبط با شناخت بستر» سه دسته مشکلات وضعیت فعلی بافت تاریخی شهر شیراز هستند. در فرآیند مدیریت بصری، مراحل «تدوین اهداف حفاظت بصری» و «ساماندهی منظر» از کمترین میزان برخوردار است و دارای اولویت برای اقدام است. در انتها فرآیند مدیریت بصری مناظر شهری تاریخی قابل کاربست در بافت تاریخی شیراز تبیین گردید و با تأکید بر مرحله چارچوب گذاری و قابلیت های محیطی مشخص شد که پهنه شماره 5 محدوده زندیه (محدوده مجاور مسجد و حمام وکیل) تمامی قابلیت ها را در حد مطلوب دارد و پهنه شماره 2 (محدوده دیوان خانه) از سایر بخش ها امتیاز کمتری را به خود اختصاص داده که نیازمند رسیدگی بیشتر است. نتایج پژوهش حاضر در اتخاذ تصمیمات بهینه و اولویت بندی اقدامات پیشنهادی برای مداخله در محدوده بافت تاریخی کاربرد خواهند داشت.Explaining the Visual Management Process of the Historical Urban Landscape with an Emphasis on Environmental Affordances (Case Study: Zandiyeh Area of Shiraz)
Highlights The characteristics of the urban landscape, both objective and subjective, encompass perceptual and cognitive components.The historic urban landscape, as an objective–subjective phenomenon, reflects the meaningful connection between historical imagery and user perception. Given the large-scale nature of visual management in urban landscapes, coordination with local-level policies is essential.The current condition of Shiraz’s historic fabric reveals three key categories of issues: design and planning challenges, management challenges, and challenges in contextual understanding.Within the visual management process, the stages of “formulating visual protection goals” and “organizing the landscape” are currently at the weakest levels and should be prioritized for intervention. Introduction The crisis of distorted and illegible urban landscapes in contemporary cities stems from rapid urban development coupled with neglect of perceptual dimensions in urban planning. This challenge is particularly evident in many Iranian cities, where historic urban areas have undergone extensive demolition and reconstruction, often lacking sensitivity to their visual identity (Mahmoudzadeh & Saheli, 2019; Roustaei & Nazeri, 2019). In this context, the implementation of a visual management model is essential. Such a model can improve the conditions of historic urban landscapes by evaluating and guiding restoration plans before execution, reducing the likelihood of visual degradation.Given its historical significance and its role in forming urban identity and supporting the local economy, Shiraz requires special attention. Through the application of visual management strategies, it is possible to address perceptual deficiencies, allowing users to develop deeper visual and emotional connections with historical spaces. The research aims to address the following questions:What are the components and steps of the visual management process for historic urban landscapes in Shiraz?Which stages should be prioritized when managing Shiraz’s historic landscape?From the perspective of experts, which aspects of environmental affordances (with emphasis on framing) are most critical in the Zandiyeh District? Theoretical Framework According to Bell (2008, 2019), landscape is a process occurring between physical and non-physical realms, forming an objective–subjective phenomenon. Landscape emerges from the interaction between humans and their environment, shaped by a meaningful relationship between the observer and the place (Mansouri et al., 2021). Within this framework, visual management focuses on organizing urban landscapes and offers structured criteria for evaluating their visual conditions.This model serves to monitor visual coherence, strengthen visual identity, and enhance the relationship between symbolic elements, visual attractions, and public spaces (Pourjafar et al., 2009). A major obstacle in achieving effective visual management is the limited understanding of human-scale needs and environmental affordances by designers. These affordances can be categorized as “perceptual” and “cognitive,” or “overt” and “hidden,” depending on the level of user awareness and engagement. Methodology This study employs an applied and analytical research approach using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The Delphi technique was used to identify and prioritize the stages of visual management with input from experts in urban design, planning, and landscape architecture. The relative importance of each stage in the context of Shiraz was evaluated using the Friedman test.The case study focuses on the Zandiyeh District of Shiraz, analyzed using the “Photo Grid” technique to examine visual framing and affordances. A visual questionnaire was distributed to 40 experts through snowball sampling, capturing expert assessments of environmental and perceptual affordances within different spatial networks of the area. Results and Discussion The visual management process for historic urban landscapes includes seven stages:Assessing the current situationIdentifying the needs of the landscapeSetting a visual frameworkFormulating visual conservation goalsPlanning the landscapeOrganizing the landscapeAnalysis and evaluationExperts rated the first two stages—“assessing the current situation” and “identifying needs”—at an average of 2.65, indicating a moderate condition. However, the later stages were evaluated as weak or very weak: “setting a framework” (2.45), “planning” (2.35), “analysis and evaluation” (2.28), “formulating goals” (2.25), and “organizing the landscape” (2.23). These findings indicate systemic weaknesses across the visual management process.Three primary areas of challenge were identified: Design and Planning Issues : fragmented spatial structure, lack of visual hierarchy Management Issues : limited coordination among institutions, absence of visual strategies Contextual Understanding : insufficient recognition of historical continuity and symbolic meaning Conclusion For successful visual management of historic urban landscapes, the use of techniques like “Photo Grid” during the framing phase enables a more precise understanding of visual and environmental affordances. This research moves from general analysis to detailed contextual evaluation, offering practical insights for future interventions.The results show that Zones 1 and 5 (especially near the Vakil Mosque and Bath) achieved the highest scores in environmental friendliness and imaginability. In contrast, Zone 2 (Divankhaneh area) received the lowest rating due to neglect, visual isolation, and poor readability. Zone 3 also requires attention, as it ranked second in terms of needed improvement. These findings can guide urban policymakers and designers in prioritizing areas for visual rehabilitation, particularly within historically sensitive contexts like Shiraz.
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