ارزیابی سیاست های کلی فرهنگی برنامه های توسعه در دوره چشم انداز 1404 (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
یکی از مهم ترین ضعف های قوانین برنامه های پنج ساله توسعه، عدم تحقق سیاست های کلی فرادست این برنامه ها در اغلب بخش ها به ویژه در بخش فرهنگ است. میزان انطباق بین این دو سطح از سیاست گذاری و برنامه ریزی را می توان در مفاد، مختصات و منطوق سیاست های کلی جستجو نمود. هدفی که این مطالعه در پی بررسی آن بوده، ارزیابی سیاست های کلی برنامه های توسعه در بخش فرهنگ است. این مطالعه به روش ترکیبی شامل مطالعه کیفی با تکنیک تحلیل مضمونی سیاست ها و استخراج مقولات اساسی آنها و سپس مطالعه کمی به روش مصاحبه ساختاریافته با 14 نفر از کارشناسان حوزه برنامه ریزی فرهنگی که به صورت هدفدار انتخاب شدند، صورت پذیرفته است. نتایج حاصله نشان داد که سیاست های کلی برنامه پنجم بالاترین نمره ارزیابی و سیاست های کلی برنامه چهارم در رتبه دوم و سیاست های کلی برنامه ششم در جایگاه سوم قرارگرفته و هر سه مجموعه دارای نمره بالاتر از متوسط و در حد مطلوب ارزیابی شده است. همچنین در بین مؤلفه های مختلف، انطباق با مبانی فرادستی و قانون اساسی بالاترین نمره و زمانمندی و انطباق با منابع بودجه ای در کمترین حد انطباق ارزیابی شده است. به علاوه سیاست های کلی برنامه چهارم دارای کمترین و سیاست های کلی برنامه ششم دارای بیشتری اثربخشی در اجرا بوده است. در خصوص اثربخشی و نفوذ سیاست های کلی در مرحله تقنین، بالاترین اثربخشی از آن برنامه پنجم و کمترین اثربخشی مربوط به برنامه چهارم ارزیابی شده است.Evaluation of macro cultural policies of development programs in the 1404 vision period
Any type of policy and macro planning in the geographical territory of a country or nation-state must necessarily pass through official and competent channels of policy and legislation. Regarding the formulation of development plans, this means that the legislator should formulate medium and short-term plans inspired by the ideal foundations of development which are often laid out in documents such as the constitution, macro-strategic documents such as visions or general policies. The effectiveness of political and legislative documents and texts of development itself requires compliance with the rules and criteria that must be followed in formulating general policies and then the program. The necessary and important thing which, according to most of the evaluations, has not been observed in the formulation of the general policies of the development program, and has caused weakness and deficiency in the realization of the general policies and the compliance of the subordinate laws with these principles. One of the most important weaknesses of the laws of the five-year development plans is the failure to implement the general policies of these plans in all sectors, especially the culture sector. The purpose of this study is to focus on cultural policies. Because cultural policies, more than other policies, represent the ruling spirit of the fundamentals of the Islamic revolution and the constitution. Therefore, this study has evaluated and analyzed the general policies of development programs in the culture sector. For this purpose, by examining the content of cultural policies of development programs in the 1404 vision period and evaluating the contents of these policies from the perspective of policy-making criteria, it deals with the harms, deficiencies and weaknesses that are hidden in these policies and have caused problems in their implementation. Two methods are used to evaluate and diagnose general policies in the culture sector. First, by qualitative and thematic analysis of the content of the general policies, axes, themes and basic categories were extracted in order to track its spread and implementation in the texts of development program laws. Then, by referring to experts and key informants in cultural affairs, the extent of compliance with the rules and criteria required for political rulings was examined. The number of experts who were consulted in two stages (validation of criteria and rules and then evaluation and pathology of general policies in the culture sector) were 14 people and they were targeted and among the experts of the program and budget organization and cultural institutions including the Ministry of culture - The Secretariat of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution and a number of cultural studies researchers and students of cultural policy and management were selected at the doctorate and master levels. The results of the study showed that the general policies of development programs in the culture sector during the vision period suffer from the following damages and problems, and it is suggested to avoid them in formulating future general policies. The general policies of the 4th plan have the least effectiveness and influence in the implementation, and the general policies of the 6th plan have been evaluated to be more effective in the implementation. Of course, in total, the average effectiveness of each set of cultural policies of the development programs is below the number 4 and has been evaluated at a medium and good level. Regarding the effectiveness and influence of the general policies of the development programs in the legislative phase, the highest effectiveness of the fifth program and the lowest effectiveness of the fourth program have been evaluated. Also, according to the results, the general policies of the 5th program have the highest evaluation score, the general policies of the 4th program are in the second place, and the general policies of the 6th program are in the third place. Of course, all three collections have a higher than average score and have been evaluated at the optimal level. Also, among the various components of the policy evaluation index, the criterion of compliance with the fundamental principles and the constitution has the highest score, and timeliness and compliance with budgetary resources have been evaluated at the lowest level of compliance. In other words, the general policies of the program in terms of the ability to realize the time frame of the policy implementation, attention to the budget and financial and institutional facilities necessary for the implementation of the policy, compatibility with global experiences, specifying the trustee of the policy implementation in order to monitor their implementation are weak and lacking in evaluation. Some of the provisions and clauses of the general policies are general, lack of clarity and therefore interpretable, which is necessary to avoid this weakness in formulating future policies. Some of the general cultural policies have the nature of justification, the concern of maintaining the existing situation and order, and are dependent on the path taken, and therefore lack the necessary courage to reform and improve cultural structures. Weakness in relying on consensus and collective, expert, scientific and managerial wisdom, and as a result, the lack of the necessary opportunity to motivate participation in the society, is one of the assessed damages of the general policies of the development programs in the culture sector, which is necessary in the process of drafting Future policies should be used from key studies of the culture sector, including experts, researchers and specialists.
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