واکاوی سوژه قهرمان در مجسمه های فیگوراتیو میکس هنرمندان معاصر ایران از منظر باختین (دهه 90 شمسی)
آرشیو
چکیده
بیان مسئلهاز منظر باختین، «سوژه» به واسطهٔ ارتباط گفت وگوییش با دیگری معنا می یابد. گفت وگویی که کشمکش بین سوژه ها و درون سوژه ها را در برمی گیرد. در دههٔ اخیر، برخی از هنرمندان مجسمه ساز ایرانی با به کارگیری قابلیت معنازایی و گفت وگویی انواع مدیا و تلفیق آن ها در قالب رسانهٔ میکس مدیا، دست به خلق فیگورهای انسانی زده اند. با توجه به آنچه باختین از جایگاه سوژه در دو نظام مؤلف و قهرمان بیان می دارد، به نظر می رسد هنرمندان در این آثار با تمرکز بر روی بدن، از آن در بازنمایی تجربهٔ سوژگی خویش بهره برده اند. بر این اساس، در این مقاله آثار را در دو دستهٔ تجربهٔ بیرونی و درونی سوژهٔ قهرمان در تقابل با مؤلف مورد خطاب قرار داده و به تحلیل آن ها می پردازیم. هدف پژوهشهدف از این پژوهش آن است که با در نظر گرفتن مؤلفه های اصلی باختین، مفهوم سوژه را در آثار موردنظر دریافته و مورد مطالعه قرار دهیم. سؤال پژوهشمؤلف چگونه در قالب سوژه های قهرمان در مجسمه های فیگوراتیو میکس مدیای معاصر ایران نمود یافته است؟ روش پژوهشگردآوری داده ها بر اساس مطالعهٔ کتابخانه ای و آرشیوی، روش تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی و رویکرد کیفی است. نتیجه گیرییافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد تجربیات زیسته سوژهٔ قهرمان با تعویض جایگاه خویش در مواجهه با مؤلف، رخدادی متفاوت را بیان می دارد. همچنین، به این نکته پی می بریم که رابطهٔ قهرمان و مؤلف، رابطه ای غیرقابل انکار است.Analysis of "The hero’s subject" in mixed media figurative sculptures of contemporary Iranian artists from Bakhtin's point of view (90s)
"Subject" has always been one of Bakhtin's main concerns. This "subject" finds meaning through its dialogical connection with others. The self-aware subject, when recognized as an integrated entity in the world, will be able to establish a unique and distinct position for itself. From Bakhtin’s perspective, the term “subject” gains meaning through its conversational interaction with others. Inner and other dialogues with oneself and others encompass the conflict between subjects and the inner self of subjects. In the context of the text, the subject is placed in the position of author, protagonist or audience. In fact, the author, in relation to the hero, has distanced himself by adopting an external position and defining himself as a subject from the perspective of an “Other”. In this way, in the process of artistic creation, the author is always influenced by his lived experience when creating works. The subject is always confronted with an ‘Other’ within the context of the text. No text emerges from nowhere. For the subject, there is no independent text. Human life is filled with experiences that intertwine outer boundaries with inner ones; what results from the presence of the Other in relation to the self is a hero that completes the subject’s consciousness. In the contemporary world, where artists use various media to express their ideas, what is significant is the position of the human as a subject and understanding of their lived experience, which gains artistic validity within the artist’s creative universe. Therefore, what is important in the present study is the understanding of the visual components of mixed-media as a distinct medium in contemporary art. Based on these differences, the key components of the author’s experiential index in the formation of an artistic work, as the protagonist, and its confrontation with the author and the subject, will be recognized and explored to investigate the subject in these works. Following contemporary developments, sculptors have created works that reflect their interest in social and everyday relationships through innovation in content and form. In recent decades, Iranian sculptors have passed the borders of the classical media by using and combining the semantic and dialogical types of media to create human figures in the form of the mixed-media. Although contemporary Iranian artists of the 1390s used mixed-media as an appropriate platform to express their viewpoints, sculptures have rarely been researched. Considering what Bakhtin expresses on the subject's position in two systems of the author and the hero and its connection with the other, we have found the answer to the question of how the author emerges in the form of the hero, subjects of the figurative sculptures of the contemporary Iranian artists of the recent decade’s (1390s) mixed-media, and also what is the features and thresholds of the author as an example of the hero in these works? It seems that the artists in these works focused on the body as a medium, in representing the experience of their subjects. The purpose of this research is to find out the concept of the subject in contemporary Iranian mixed-media figurative sculpture works, considering Bakhtin's main components. Based on this, among the works of figurative sculptures by contemporary artists, those that were close to the subject and human aspect were selected. Then, through the analysis of the chosen works, we divided them into two categories: the inner experience of the heroic subject and the outer experience of the heroic subject in relation to the author, considering the Bakhtinian components of “hero” and “author”. Taking these components into account, we qualitatively analyzed them to reach an understanding of the characteristics of the author and the hero in both the inner and outer experiences of the subject. The research findings indicate that the live experiences of the hero subject, through the negotiation of their position in relation to the author, express a distinct event. Furthermore, the hero as a subject, as an aesthetic form, can attain its value and meaning from the author’s perspective. Therefore, the author is considered a part of the hero and their life experience. As a result, by analyzing the works, we come to realize that the relationship between the hero and the author is an undeniable one. The author is an integral part of the hero and their life existence.
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