بازتاب قرآن و حدیث در دفتر دوم «مقامات الأبرار» محمدحسین آیتی بیرجندی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مقامات الأبرار یکی از آثار ارزشمند و منشآت زیبای فقیه برجسته، محمّدحسین آیتی گازاری است، که آن را، در قالب مثنوی مشتمل بر پنج دفتر، به رشته ی نظم کشیده و هر دفتر را به موضوعی ویژه اختصاص داده است. آنچه در این پژوهش مورد تأمّل و بررسی قرار گرفته، دفتر دوم این منظومه، با عنوان «مدرسه الحکمه» می باشد که شاعر با بهره گیری از آیات قرآن و احادیث شریفه ی معصومین، حکمت هایی درس آموز و پند دهنده به مخاطبان ارائه می دهد. مقاله ی حاضر با استفاده از روش توصیفی تحلیلی، سعی نموده به سؤال محوری پژوهش، ناظر به کنکاش لفظی و محتوایی موضوعات مواج در دفتر دوم مقامات الابرار، پاسخ دهد. نتایج پژوهش مبیّن این نکته است که شاعر، به لحاظ ساختار، داستان «یوزاسف و بلوهر» را که علامه مجلسی از آن تعبیر به گنجینه ی حکمت نموده، در تعداد 2850 بیت با عناوینی متناسب تنظیم کرده و در هر قسمت به اقتضای موقعیت، تلمیحی لفظی یا محتوایی به آیات قرآن یا حدیث داشته است که بسامد لفظی آن بیش از نیمی از مجموع ابیات را دربر می گیرد. محتوای ابیات نیز با بیشترین بسامد دربردارنده ی مضامین قرآنی و حدیثی است؛ به گونه ای که قسمت اعظم ابیات در حیطه ی موضوعات مختلف اخلاقی و تربیتی آمیخته به معانی و محتوای قرآن بیان شده است که برآیند آن در تصویر حکمت هایی اخلاقی و تربیتی تجلّی یافته و در واقع می توان آن را منظومه ای بی نظیر در باب تربیت و اخلاق برشمرد.The Reflection of the Qur’an and Hadith in the Second Volume of Maqamat al-Abrar by Mohammad Hossein Ayati Birjandi
IntroductionSheikh Mohammad Hossein Ayati, a distinguished poet from Birjand, has left behind a remarkable literary legacy. Among his significant works is Maqamat al-Abrar, a masterful Mansavi comprising five volumes. The second volume, titled The School of Wisdom, recounts the ancient tale of Yousasaf and Buluhar. This collection is enriched with profound wisdom drawn from Qur’anic verses and noble hadiths. The work includes 2850 verses, which are analyzed in this study from the two perspectives of linguistic expression and thematic meaning. Their frequency percentages are subsequently illustrated in a chart. Despite the literary and intellectual value of Ayati’s works, they have not received enough scholarly attention. Honoring the contributions of eminent figures from South Khorasan Province, such as Ayati, is vital both locally and globally. This research seeks to address two critical questions:To what extent do the Qur’an and Hadith shape the linguistic and thematic structure of The School of Wisdom?What themes emerge from the wisdom conveyed in the Qur’anic and Hadith-based verses within this work?The scant literature indicates that Ayati’s works remain largely underappreciated. Limited reprints and a lack of broader recognition have hindered widespread familiarity with his contributions. Consequently, researchers have shown little interest in delving into the intellectual dimensions of his oeuvre. As a result, scholarly articles on this subject are scarce, and only brief references to his life and work appear in a handful of local or national journals. MethodsThis study employs a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing library resources and existing documents as its primary tools. The primary aim is to analyze the influence and prevalence of Qur’anic and Hadith references within the second volume of Maqamat al-Abrar, commonly referred to as Madrasat al-Hikmah. The research involves a detailed examination of the poet's interpretation of Qur’anic and Hadith elements, focusing on both linguistic and thematic dimensions across all verses in the collection. Through this analysis, specific examples of the poet’s contributions will be highlighted, and the frequency of these references will be illustrated in a chart to provide a comprehensive overview of their significance within the text. FindingsThe findings of this study revealed that the integration of Qur’anic and Hadith verses and their philosophical themes into poetry covers the following topics:The depiction of ignorance and ingratitude of worldly seekers – 7%The world as a field for boasting and entertainment – 10%The purity of authenticity and the elevation of humanity – 4%The wonder of the stages of human creation – 3%The true religion and the supremacy of Sharia and reason – 8%The Qur’an as a book of wisdom and guidance – 4%The virtues of ethics and salvation in the afterlife – 14%Other related topics – 50%In the narrative verses derived from Qur’anic and Hadith content, the key themes are:The descent of humanity from paradise to earth – 4%The attributes of God – 10%The conflict between anger and justice – 5%Avoiding imitation without understanding – 4%The beauties of ethics – 40%The reprehensible aspects of ethics – 20%Other topics – 21%The study highlights the poet’s exceptional skill in weaving Qur’anic and Hadith themes into Persian poetry, demonstrating a level of creativity far beyond the mere inclusion of Qur’anic words or phrases. This mastery lies in his ability to present Qur’anic and Hadith concepts within the structure of Persian language poetry, which offers greater flexibility in crafting rhymes and poetic lines. Furthermore, the poet dedicates much of this work—80% of the themes—to interpretations and explanations of Qur’anic wisdom and advice, aptly naming it Madrasat al-Hikmah (School of Wisdom). Discussion and Conclusion The findings reveal that this esteemed scholar, with profound knowledge and mastery of the Qur’an and Hadith, as well as deep insight into the themes of the Book of Revelation, has skillfully integrated key Qur’anic words, partial verses, and Hadith into his poetry, adapting them appropriately to the context of each verse. The verbal incorporation of Qur’anic and Hadith elements accounts for nearly 50% of the total verses. In the second aspect, which emphasizes meaning and content, the poet demonstrates an even greater prevalence of Qur’anic and Hadith themes, with 79% of the verses addressing various moral and educational topics infused with these influences. This underscores the poet's exceptional ability to weave the profound meanings and teachings of the Qur’an into his poetry, surpassing mere linguistic references.The results affirm that the poet’s literary sensibility, coupled with his deep understanding of Qur’anic and Hadith concepts, has culminated in the creation of a remarkable and impactful collection. Known as the School of Wisdom, this work stands out for its scientific, literary, and educational-cultural significance, aptly justifying its title. Although this study provides a brief overview of the subject, it serves as a foundation for further research into the works of this enduring figure in the realms of religion and knowledge. Such efforts could illuminate the intellectual and cultural contributions of this significant scholar from the province, fostering greater recognition and appreciation for his legacy.
تبلیغات
