واکاوی پدیده تقاضای تدریس خصوصی (مطالعه موردی: دوره متوسطه شهر یزد) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف پژوهش حاضر مطالعه پدیده تقاضای تدریس خصوصی در دوره متوسطه بود. رویکرد پژوهش «کیفی» و از نوع روش نظریه داده بنیاد به شیوه نظام مند بود. گروه هدف، والدین دانش آموزانی بودند که متقاضی تدریس خصوصی در سال تحصیلی 1400- 1401 در شهر یزد بودند. با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری هدفمند، 12 نفر از والدین در پژوهش شرکت داشتند. نمونه گیری تا مرحله اشباع نظری داده ها ادامه یافت. ابزار پژوهش مصاحبه عمیق نیمه ساختاریافته بود. داده ها به روش کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی اشتراس و کوربین (1998)، تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. به منظور کسب اطمینان از دقیق بودن یافته ها، مبتنی بر «سه سویه سازی» از تکنیک های تطبیق توسط اعضا، بررسی همکار، مشارکتی بودن پژوهش، بازاندیشی پژوهشگر استفاده شد.در نهایت، 29 مقوله فرعی در قالب مؤلفه های 6 گانه نظریه داده بنیاد طبقه بندی شدند. عوامل علی با 5 مقوله فرعی، عوامل زمینه ای با 5 مقوله فرعی، عوامل مداخله گر با 5 مقوله فرعی، پیامدهای مثبت با 5 مقوله فرعی و پیامدهای منفی با 9 مقوله فرعی و 1 پدیده محوری شناسایی شدند. بر اساس یافته های پژوهش، عوامل و مؤلفه های درونی و بیرونی متنوعی زمینه های شکل گیری تدریس خصوصی را فراهم می آورند که بر تقاضای آن دامن می زند. پیشنهاد می شود جهت اتخاذ تصمیمات و سیاست گذاری های خرد و کلان و مدیریت آن، به منظور فهم دقیق این پدیده به طور متناوب مورد مطالعه قرار گیرد.Analyzing the Demand for Private Tutoring phenomenon (Case Study: High schools in Yazd)
IntroductionThe main goal of the current research was to analyze the problem of private tutoring and the associated challenges in Yazd. The research also expands the theoretical perspectives on private tutoring. The findings of this research can be beneficial for teachers, educational institution planners, parents, and students in practical applications. MethodThe research methodology employed in this study was qualitative and based on Grounded Theory principles. The target group was the parents of students who applied for private tutoring in the academic year of 2001-2001 in Yazd. Using the purposeful sampling method, 12 parents participated in the research. Sampling continued until the theoretical data saturation stage. The research tool was semi-structured in-depth interview. The data was analyzed by Strauss and Corbin (1998) open, axial and selective coding method. In order to ensure the accuracy of the findings, based on "Triangulation" techniques, matching by members, peer review, collaborative research, and researcher rethinking were used. ResultsFinally, 29 sub-categories were classified in the form of 6 components of the systematic grounded theory. Causal factors with 5 subcategories, background factors with 5 subcategories, intervening factors with 5 subcategories, positive consequences with (5) subcategories and negative consequences with (9) subcategories and (1) central phenomenon were identified. The results indicated various favorable outcomes, including enhanced student performance in examinations, improved results in entrance assessments, better overall test performance, job opportunities for special educators leading to increased income, and the alleviation of educational deficiencies through compensatory actions. Various strategies have been proposed to address the challenges and negative impacts associated with the prevalent practice of private tutoring among families and students. These strategies encompass a range of approaches, including conducting private tutoring sessions at home or within school premises, offering private counseling services, integrating private tutoring with formal educational programs, addressing issues and assessments within educational institutions, improving the quality of education in mainstream schools to tackle deficiencies, reducing the societal emphasis on entrance examinations, guiding students towards technical fields, and increasing oversight of educational activities in such contexts. The adverse effects of private tutoring include limitations on creativity and critical thinking, neglect of skill development and vocational training, commercialization and elitism in education (in conflict with the principles of inclusive education), psychological and physical harm to students leading to anxiety, stress, and depression, perpetuation of social stratification, and maintenance of educational inequalities. DiscussionResearch findings indicate that various internal and external factors contribute to the development of private tutoring, influencing both its supply and demand. It is recommended to study this phenomenon from diverse viewpoints to guide micro and macro-level decision-making and policy formulation for efficient administration.
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