وارسی راهبردهای ژئوپلیتیکی امنیت ملی ایالات متحده آمریکا در ارتباط با چین در دوره جو بایدن (2024- 2020م) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
راهبرد امنیت ملی ایالات متحده آمریکا، با توجه به ثابت بودن اهداف و ظرفیت اقتصادی، امنیت فیزیکی و گسترش ارزش های آن همواره میان دو نگرش انزواطلبی و گرایش بین الملل خواهی در فرازوفرود بوده است. سند راهبرد امنیت ملی ایالات متحده آمریکا که در سال 2022 تدوین شده بخش مهمی از آن دور نمای روابط خارجی، امنیتی، تجاری، اقتصادی، فناوری و ژئوپلیتیکی دو کشور آمریکا و چین و متحدان آن ها را طی حداقل یک دوره ریاست جمهوری بایدن را نشان می دهد. ایالات متحده آمریکا چین را یک چالش و یک رقیب بزرگ ژئوپلیتیکی در نظام ژئوپلیتیک جهانی می نگرد که به دلیل برخوردار بودن از ظرفیت های اقتصادی، سیاسی، نظامی و فناوری و نفوذ لازم در میان کشورهای جهان می تواند نظم بین المللی مدنظر ایالات متحده آمریکا و هم پیمانانش را به هم بزند و در راستای اهداف و برنامه های خود نظم نوینی در عرصه نظام ژئوپلیتیک جهانی شکل دهد. هدف از نگارش این مقاله تحلیل رفتار ژئوپلیتیکی ایالات متحده آمریکا در سند راهبرد امنیت ملی این کشور در دوره جو بایدن (2024- 2020) با سه رویکرد چالش، رقابت و همکاری ژئوپلیتیکی با چین در این دوره است. روش پژوهش توصیفی – تحلیلی و شیوه گردآوری داده های پژوهشی اسنادی و کتابخانه ای است. یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد که رفتار ژئوپلیتیکی ایالات متحده آمریکا در سند ذکرشده در قبال چین در عرصه ژئوپلیتیک نظام جهانی و منطقه ای و در چارچوب چالش ژئوپلیتیکی در حوزه نظم بین المللی موجود، رقابت ژئوپلیتیکی در حوزه سیاسی، نظامی، اقتصادی – تجاری، فناوری، راه های دریایی و در نهایت همکاری ژئوپلیتیکی در حوزه بهداشت، سلامت و آب وهوا و شفافیت متقابل است که طی این مدت این راهبردها در حوزه های ذکرشده برنامه ریزی و اجرایی خواهد شد.The Geopolitical Strategy of the National Security of the United States of America against China in the era of Joe Biden (2020-2024)
Introduction
The national security strategy of the United States of America has always fluctuated between the two attitudes of isolationism and internationalism, due to the fixed goals and economic capacity, physical security. The National Security Strategy document of the United States of America, compiled in 2022, shows an important part of the foreign, security, commercial, economic, technological, and geopolitical relations between the two countries, the United States and China, and their allies during at least one term of the Biden presidency., and the expansion of its values.
Methodology
This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, tries to examine the national security strategy of the United States of America during the presidency of Joseph Robin Biden Jr. (known as Joe Biden 2020–2024), focusing on the geopolitical behavior of this country in confrontation with China. The methods of collecting information in this research are documentary and library. The method of analyzing the information collected in this qualitative research was done using logic, thinking, and geopolitical arguments. In this research, geopolitical sources and texts, international relations, regional studies, and national security strategies of the United States of America in different periods (1986–2022) have been used. One of the qualitative features of this research is that it benefits from the opinions of specialists and experts in the fields of geopolitics, national security, and think tanks in the United States of America regarding the strategic document of this country's national security regarding China from the perspective of the geopolitical approach.
Results and Discussion
The National Security Strategy document of the United States of America at any time is a combination of the fixed indicators of the national security system of the United States of America and the plans and preferences of the President and his cabinet. Maintaining and protecting the territory, people, and way of life of the United States of America, the leadership and dominance of the United States of America in the outside world, strengthening the alliance with friendly governments, and confronting the enemies of the United States of America are among the constant factors that can be found in almost all the strategic documents of the national security of the United States of America. On the other hand, the preferences of the president and the government of the United States of America, such as those expressed during the election campaigns, also form an important part of the strategic documents of the national security of the United States of America. The national security strategy of the United States of America during the Biden era has dealt with China's geopolitical behavior more than eight times and more than ever due to the promotion of military power, the development of military weapons, and China's nuclear activities, as well as the claim of China's interference and influence in the affairs of other countries and the challenge Padayar has included human rights in China in this strategic document and has reminded its allies and strategic partners of the necessity of diplomacy and the continuation of geopolitical confrontation with China.
Conclusion
Joe Biden, who won the US election in 2020, wrote his government's national security strategy and sent it to the House of Representatives in 2022. From the perspective of this strategy, China's geopolitical behavior can be categorized into three types: geopolitical challenge, geopolitical competition, and geopolitical cooperation. This strategic document of the Biden era and the NATO strategic document show more concern about China's geopolitical challenge than the six strategic documents of the past six American presidencies. In both strategic documents, America considers China its most important geopolitical challenge in the global geopolitical system and the Indo-Pacific geopolitical region as the most important region where the geopolitical
challenge and conflict between these two countries will be formed in the future. The authors of this document believe that geopolitical competition is changing and often complex. A context in which common challenges can be addressed, while these problems often exacerbate competition and further geopolitical challenges.
تبلیغات
