موانع سیاست گذاری اجتماعی مسکن در ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در ایران بحران مسکن وجوه اجتماعی پنهان و ناکاویده بسیاری دارد. به دلیل گسیختگی سیاستی، تمهیدات و اقدام های دولت ها بیش از آنکه در راستای تأمین فراگیر و همه شمول و عدالت محور مسکن و نیز کاهش نابرابری های اجتماعی باشد، بر نابرابری های اجتماعی و فقر چندبعدی شهری به گونه نظام مند افزوده است. در این راستا، این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی موانع سیاست گذاری اجتماعی مسکن در ایران و طراحی ارتباطات این عوامل انجام شده است که از نظر هدف گذاری کاربردی و از نظر روش انجام پژوهش به صورت توصیفی- تحلیلی است. برای شناسایی عوامل، روش تحلیل محتوا بکار گرفته شد. در بخش مدل سازی ساختاری تفسیری، از نظرات خبره دانشگاهی صاحب نظر در حوزه مسکن از روش دلفی استفاده شده است. ابزار گردآوری داده ها، پرسش نامه دوبه دویی می باشد و برای اندازه گیری و ارزیابی ارزش های پرسش نامه از ملاک اعتبار صوری استفاده شده است. روابط بین عوامل با استفاده از یک روش تحلیلی نوین با عنوان مدل سازی ساختاری تفسیری (ISM) تعیین و به طورکلی مورد تجزیه وتحلیل قرارگرفته است و در نهایت، نوع متغیرها با توجه به اثرگذاری و اثرپذیری بر سایر متغیرها مشخص و خوشه بندی شدند. یافته های پژوهش نشان داد که چالش ضعف در اجرای قانون کنترل اجاره بها با مقدار قدرت نفوذ 10، بیش ترین تأثیر و عدم تعریف و تبیین مصادیق آزار و اذیت مستأجران از سوی موجران در زمینه اخلال در سکونت و عدم جرم انگاری آزار و اذیت مستأجران از سوی موجران در زمینه اجبار در جابه جایی با مقدار قدرت نفوذ 2، کم ترین تأثیر را در بین موانع سیاست گذاری اجتماعی مسکن در ایران برای اقشار کم درآمد دارندBarriers of Housing Social Policies in Iran
The housing crisis in Iran has many hidden and unexplored social aspects. Due to political discontinuity, the measures and measures of the governments have systematically increased social inequalities and multi-dimensional urban poverty rather than being aimed at providing comprehensive and inclusive and justice-oriented housing and reducing social inequalities. Is. In this regard, this research aims to model the barriers of housing social policy in Iran with emphasis on the tenants' strata and designing the relationships of these factors. This research is applied in terms of targeting and descriptive-analytical in terms of the method. In order to identify factors, content analysis method was used. In the interpretative structural modeling section, the opinions of academic experts in the field of housing have been used through the Delphi method. The data collection tool is a double-ended questionnaire, and face validity was used to measure and evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. The relationships between the factors have been determined and analyzed in an integrated manner using a new analytical methodology called Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and finally by using the MICMAC analysis of the type of variables with regard to their impact on other factors. The variables were identified and clustered. The findings of the research showed that the challenge of weakness in the implementation of the rent control law with the influence of 10 is the greatest impact and the lack of definition and explanation of the examples of harassment of tenants by landlords in the field of residential disturbances and the lack of criminalization of harassment of tenants by landlords in the field of The compulsion to move with the level of penetration power of 2 has the least impact among the barriers of housing social policies in Iran for low-income groups.
Introduction
Housing, as one of the fundamental human needs, has always been a matter of concern in societies. Housing plans and policies are implemented to increase affordable housing options for low and medium-income households at the national and regional levels of government. Housing policy, particularly for low-income housing, is a priority for governments worldwide to address housing shortages. However, according to the 2016 UN-Habitat estimates, only 13% of the world's cities had affordable housing in 2014. One of the main challenges in cities is the increase in housing rental prices, leading tenants to seek lower-cost housing in low-quality areas with unstable conditions. The obstacles faced by tenants in housing social policies are diverse and complex, requiring comprehensive and coordinated solutions. To address the increase in rental prices, policymakers can increase the number of regional residential units with reasonable prices, implement social housing projects in various areas, and develop action plans to support tenants. This article focuses on modeling the obstacles in social housing policy in Iran with an emphasis on tenants. The study aims to address two main questions:
1) What is the interpretive structural model of housing social policy obstacles in Iran with an emphasis on tenants?
2) What is the modeling clustering status of social housing policy obstacles in Iran with an emphasis on tenants?
Methodology
The research method used in this article is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of results. The content analysis method was employed to identify effective challenges. In the interpretive structural modeling section, the opinions of academic housing experts and the Delphi method were utilized. The data collection tool for this research is a double-ended questionnaire, and the face validity criterion was used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire or any evaluation tool. Interpretive-structural modeling, introduced by Warfield in 1974, is a systematic and structured method for establishing and understanding the relationship between complex system elements. Delphi sampling methods and structural-interpretive modeling were employed to achieve this. The Delphi methods and structural-interpretive modeling involve gathering and analyzing information from experts. A purposeful sampling method was used to select the Delphi and ISM teams, as the goal was not to generalize the results. The expert selection criteria included practical experience, theoretical mastery, accessibility, willingness, and ability to participate in the research. The number of experts participating in the reviewed articles ISM typically ranges from 14 to 20 people. Based on these criteria, a total of 18 experts from universities and research centers were selected to participate in the research process. Using the content analysis method, the challenges of housing social policy in Iran, with a focus on the low-income social class, were identified. Furthermore, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was conducted to interpret the relationships between these dimensions and indicators, as this model is an effective method for identifying and analyzing relationships between dimensions and indicators. The content validity of the questionnaire in this research refers to the limit and amount, which is a reflective tool of the intended specific content.
Results and discussion
After identifying the most important challenges of housing social policies for tenants in Iran, these obstacles were classified using the ISM approach in this research. The challenges were then included in the structural self-interaction matrix (SSIM). Interpretive structural modeling suggests that those experts' opinions should be utilized based on various management techniques, such as brainstorming and nominal group, etc., to develop content relationships between obstacles. The matrix was formed using four modes of conceptual relations and was completed by experts. After categorizing the matrix, the final access rate was segmented into different dimensions and levels. Three groups of output, input and common are formed to determine the level of variables in the final model. In the first table, the index or variables that share the same output and input group are considered common in the hierarchy process so that these obstacles don't affect any other variables. After identifying the highest level, those variables are removed from the list of other obstacles; these repetitions continue until the level of all variables is specified. The results showed that the most influential challenge of housing social policy for tenants in Iran is the lack of effective implementation of the Rent Control Act, which serves as the model's foundation. Emphasizing this Act is crucial to reducing and controlling obstacles to social housing policy for tenants in Iran.
Conclusion
The solution to the country's housing crisis requires the establishment of transformative and fundamental justice-oriented measures; they will provide grounds for governments to take responsibility once more to vindicate the authorized rights clearly outlined in Article 31 of the Constitution of Iran. Again, what makes the governments accountable is reviewing current and future government actions within the national housing plans and the government's role in laying the foundation for the actions of the country's municipalities. In other words, both the positive aspect of the government's actions and its negative one need to be reviewed comprehensively so that the government can fulfill its own alleged goals. Research indicates that the lack of effective implementation of the Rent Control Act, with a significant impact rating of 10, is a major obstacle. Conversely, issues such as the absence of clear definitions of tenant harassment and the non-criminalization of coercive landlord practices, rated with a lower impact of 2, also contribute to challenges in housing social policy for low-income households in Iran.
Funding
There is no funding support.
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.
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