برجسته سازی های زبانی در اشعار آیینی سید حمیدرضا برقعی برمبنای الگوی زبان شناختی لیچ (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مقاله حاضر برجسته سازی های زبانی در اشعار آیینی سید حمیدرضا برقعی (۱۳۶۲) را برمبنای الگوی زبان شناختی جفری لیچ (۱۹۳۶- ۲۰۱۴) بررسی می کند. اشعار آیینی برقعی به سبب برخورداری از عوامل برجسته سازی های زبانی - شامل هنجارگریزی و توازن- در بین آیینی سرایان معاصر امتیازات خاصی دارد؛ ازاین رو نگارندگان به شیوه تحلیلی توصیفی مبتنی بر متن اشعار برقعی با پاسخ به این پرسش ها که کدام مؤلفه های برجسته سازی در شعر برقعی دیده می شود، وی در به کارگیری کدام عناصر مهارت بیشتری از خود نشان داده و برجستگی های زبانی او در راه انتقال عاطفه و اندیشه های شاعر چقدر مؤثرند؟ کوشیده اند برجسته سازی های زبانی شاعر را طبق الگوی زبان شناختی «جفری لیچ» تبیین کنند. بررسی های انجام شده نشان می دهد برقعی از مؤلفه های هنجارگریزی و قاعده افزایی (توازن) در شعر خود استفاده کرده است و هنجارگریزی ها و توازن های معنایی در شعر وی بر دیگر مقوله های هنجارگریزی و قاعده افزایی افزونی دارند. برقعی از بین هنجارگریزی های معنایی به ترتیب انسان پنداری و جسم پنداری ازطریق شگردهای استعاره، کنایه و تشبیه را بیش از دیگر عناصر به کار برده است و از بین شگردهای قاعده افزایی، عناصر حاصل از مشابهت نسبت به عناصر حاصل از تضاد بسامد بیشتری دارند؛ پس می توان گفت عوامل برجسته سازی های زبانی در کنار زبان فصیح و روان شاعر، نشان دهنده برخورداری شاعر از توانایی به کارگیری قابلیت های متنوع زبانی و اعتلای جایگاه شعر اوست.Linguistic Highlights in Burqa’i’s Poetry Based on Leach's Linguistic Model
Purpose : The present study elaborates on the linguistic highlights in poems by Seyed Hamidreza Burqa’i (1983) based on the linguistic model of Jeffrey Leach (1936-2014). Burqa’i’s ritual poems have a distinguished status compared to contemporary poets due to their prominent linguistic factors, including deviation, and regulatory enhancement. Methods : This study used an analytical-descriptive method and aimed at answering the following three research questions: 1) Which factors of highlighting are seen in Burqa’i's pomes? 2) Which elements is he most skilled at using? And 3) How effective is his linguistic highlighting for conveying the poet's emotions and thoughts? To answer these questions, the researchers have deployed Jeffrey Leach's linguistic model. Findings : This study showed that Burqa’i used both deviation and regulatory enhancement (balance) elements in his poetry. Semantic deviation and semantic regulatory enhancement in Burqa’i’s poetry were more than other categories of highlighting. Among semantic elements metaphors, kenning, and similes respectively have the higher use. In terms of regulatory enhancement elements, semantic similarity factors have a higher frequency. Conclusions : Therefore, it is argued that the factors of linguistic highlights, along with the eloquent and fluent language of the poet, indicate the poet's ability to use various linguistic capabilities and elevate his position. Keywords: Leach’s Linguistic Model, Highlighting, Deviation, Regulatory Enhancement, Seyed Hamid Reza Burqa’i, Ritual Poetry. Introduction Seyed Hamidreza Burqa’i is one of the contemporary poets of ritual poetry in Iran. He has a special reputation in this type of poetry. His poetries are prominent due to the impacts they have had on their audience. One reason can be traced to his specific use of language since the use of special and original language in literary works is one of the most effective ways to enhance the attraction and appeal of works of art. To this end, this study aims to focus on these linguistic features in Burqa’i’s poetry. To this end, the model proposed by Geoffrey Leach (1936-2014) has been used. As a prominent English linguist, Leach designed a linguistic model based on which the linguistic prominences of literary works can be examined and the role of language and their impacts on the audience can be determined. Based on this model, the authors of this study aimed to answer the following three research questions: 1) Which factors of highlighting are seen in Burqa’i's pomes? 2) Which elements is he most skilled at using? 3) How effective is his linguistic highlighting for conveying the poet's emotions and thoughts? Materials and Methods The method researchers used in this study is analytical-descriptive based on a textual analysis of Burqa’i’s poems. Using Leach's linguistic model, the authors examine the standards of ‘deviation’ and ‘regulatory enhancement’ in Burqa’i’s poetry. Although, in general, ‘norm-avoidance’ is a deviation from the rules governing the language of norms, it does not show any deviations from the standard language since there is a group of these deviations that only result in ungrammatical constructions and are not considered artistic creativity. Leach enumerates three conditions in order to distinguish incorrect types of deviations from language and norm deviations (Safavi, 2004). First, norm deviation must be significant (expressing a specific concept); it should be directed (intended by the author) and purposeful (it has a special meaning for the author and the audience) (Ibid, p. 44). Based on these touchstones, it can be said that highlighting is realized by passing from language to literature, and the opposite of that is the use of items from literature in the language of automation (Ibid, p. 45). In Leach's model, the deviation is divided into eight types: 1) lexical, 2) syntactic, 3) phonetic, 4) temporal, 5) written, 6) dialectal, 7) stylistic, and 8) semantic. According to Leach, rule-increasing is created through a balance that itself results from various types of repetition. In Leach’s view, it is possible to study the types of rule-enhancing elements in the framework of verbal innovative figures and the norm-avoidance types in the framework of semantic innovative figures. In Leach’s view, the rule-adding process used to create order and norm avoidance is the cause of creating poetry. Research Findings Burqa'i's style deviations are limited to the use of colloquial language in his poetry. This feature not only reduces the ambiguity of his poetic language but also creates a kind of intimacy between him and the audience. Burqa'i is skilled at avoiding lexical norms or inventing new words. Some of his word formations are manifested in the form of creating new words but more in the form of creating innovative grammatical (attributive and descriptive) and literary (simile and metaphorical) combinations. Burqa'i has broken the norms of common and conventional language and highlighted the language of his poetry by using rhetorical combinations. By using similes, metaphors, paradoxes, kennings, and kennings mixed with simile and metaphor, he has tried to highlight poetic meanings. To achieve this aim, he has used visualization and abstractionism and their sub-branches. The most common way of highlighting the meaning used by Burqa'i to avoid the semantic norms has been the metaphorical additions of the human concept. Burqa'i has used many types of metaphors, even more than similes. After metaphor, kenning has the highest frequency in Burqa'i’s poetry. The noteworthy point is that most of the kennings in Burqa’i’s poetry are so common that they do not play a role in the semantic deviation of his words. However, some of his kennings, in addition to common meanings, have other original aspects adding to the prominence of Burqa’i’s words such as those kennings that are associated with the proportions, similes, and metaphors. Discussion of Results and Conclusions The following results were obtained after investigating Burqa'i’s ritual poetry based on Leach's model: Among the elements of language highlighting, Burqa'i has used deviation and regulatory enhancement factors. He practiced lexical, written, semantic, historical, and stylistic deviations in his poetry. However, he did not use phonetic, phonological, and dialectal deviations for the benefit of the general audience. Syntactic deviations were also very few in his poetry and limited only to a few cases of syntactic archaism. Among the deviation techniques used by Burqa'i, the semantic deviations of anthropomorphism and objectification had the highest frequency. The poet also used metaphors, kennings, and similes among literary figures to subvert the semantics. Kennings mixed with allusions, similes, and metaphors were also very effective in highlighting Burqa'i’s words. Considering the use of mixed paradoxes and especially synesthesia and new kennings of the poet in exalting his poetry, its superiority over normal language and speech logic is very effective. Regarding adding rules or a structural balance to poetry, balance at the phoneme level has a higher frequency. The poet used all kinds of puns in balance at the word level and did not show any desire for structural balance at the syntactic level. Thus, in general, in Burqa'i’s poetry, the factors of creating semantic balance prevail over the structural balance. In the meantime, the balances resulting from similarity have a higher frequency than those resulting from the contrast. All in all, it can be said that in composing his poems, Burqa'i used many types of linguistic highlighting and norm deviations according to the Leach model to convey his thoughts and emotions to the audience in the most beautiful and effective way.
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