واکاوی عوامل بازدارنده و پیش برنده ی مشارکت کشاورزان در اجرای طرح یکپارچه سازی اراضی زراعی (موردمطالعه: روستاهای شهرستان نهبندان) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
پراکندگی و تقطیع اراضی کشاورزی یکی از چالش های پیش روی برنامه های توسعه ی روستایی است و اجرای سیاست یکپارچه سازی اراضی در سال های گذشته در اغلب مناطق کشور جهت حل این مسئله همواره با مشکلاتی در زمینه ی مشارکت کشاورزان و اجرای موفق طرح مواجه بوده است. هدف این مطالعه، تبیین پیشران ها و پس ران های مشارکت کشاورزان در اجرای طرح یکپارچه سازی اراضی زراعی در مناطق روستایی شهرستان نهبندان است. جامعه ی آماری پژوهش، بهره برداران فعال در بخش کشاورزی می باشند که 264 نفر به عنوان نمونه ی آماری با استفاده از فرمول کوکران تعیین و با روش نمونه گیری تصادفی چندمرحله ای انتخاب و موردمطالعه واقع شدند. جهت جمع آوری اطلاعات از ابزارهای پرسش نامه، مصاحبه و مشاهده استفاده شد. روایی پرسش نامه ی تنظیم شده توسط اساتید دانشگاه و کارشناسان بخش کشاورزی و پایایی آن از طریق پیش آزمون و محاسبه ی آلفای کرونباخ برای بخش های مختلف پرسش نامه در بازه ی 72/0 تا 82/0 مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که 8/39 درصد از پاسخ گویان، تمایل کم، 7/11 درصد تمایل متوسط و 6/48 درصد تمایل زیادی نسبت به یکپارچه سازی اراضی دارند. نتایج آزمون همبستگی نشان داد بین متغیر تمایل به مشارکت در یکپارچه سازی اراضی و متغیرهای سابقه ی فعالیت کشاورزی، میزان مالکیت اراضی، تعداد قطعات زراعی، متوسط اندازه ی قطعات، سطح زیر کشت، فاصله ی اراضی تا منبع آب، فاصله ی اراضی تا روستا، میزان اعتماد مقابل کشاورزان به یکدیگر، میزان آگاهی پیرامون یکپارچه سازی اراضی و میزان حمایت های اعتباری دولت از اجرای طرح همبستگی مثبت و معنی داری وجود دارد. بر اساس یافته های تحلیل عاملی، 75/71 درصد از واریانس کل عوامل بازدارنده و پیشران یکپارچه سازی اراضی را هشت عامل زراعی، اعتباری- حمایتی، سازمانی، اقتصادی، روان شناختی، انگیزشی، آموزشی- ترویجی و قانونی تبیین می نمایند.Investigating the Deterrent and Promoter Factors of Farmers Participation in Implementation of the Land Consolidation Project (Case Study: Villages of Nehbandan City)
Introduction
The fragmentation and segmentation of agricultural lands is one of the challenges facing Iran's rural development programs that leads to inefficient utilization of production resources, reduced productivity, increased production costs, stabilization and expansion of inappropriate farming patterns and ineffective use of machinery. Most agricultural planners and policy makers consider the solution to the problems of land scattering as land integration. Land consolidation requires redistribution of land ownership so that farmers have smaller, larger, more compact, and more continuous land parcels. However, the implementation of land consolidation policy in most parts of the Iran in the recent years such as the villages of Nehbandan city (located in South Khorasan province), has always faced problems with farmers' participation and successful implementation of the project. The purpose of this study was to determine the deterrent and promoter factors affecting farmers' participation in the implementation of a land consolidation plan in rural areas of Nehbandan.
Materials and Methods
This research is a quantitative research in terms of nature and with regard to the purpose of the research, it is a kind of applied research and in terms of data collection, it is one of the descriptive-analytical researches conducted by survey technique. The statistical population of the study consisted of active users in the agricultural sector. 264 individuals were selected by using Cochran formula and selected by multistage random sampling. Data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by university professors and agricultural experts and its reliability was confirmed by pretest and Cronbach's alpha coefficients for different parts of the questionnaire in the range of 0.72 to 0.82. Combined method of interview was used to collect data and questionnaire was completed. To this end, a six-part questionnaire including questions on individual, agronomic, socio-economic characteristics of users, and items for assessing respondents' attitude and knowledge about the nature of land integration, measuring their willingness to participate in land consolidation project implementation, and Factors affecting land consolidation (deterrent and promoter) were also provided.
Discussion and Results
The results showed that 39.8% of respondents have a low tendency, 11.7% have a moderate tendency and 48.6% have a high tendency for land consolidation. The results of the correlation test indicated a significant relationship between the willingness to participate in land consolidation and variables of agricultural experience, level of land ownership, number of farm plots, average size of plots, area under cultivation, land distance to water source and also village, the level of social trust, awareness about land consolidation benefits and the level of government support from land consolidation plan. According to the finding of factor analysis, 71.75% of total variance of deterrent and promoter factors of land consolidation were eight factors as follow: Agronomic (15.86%), credit-supportive (10.78%), organizational (9.51%), economic (8.45%), psychological (7.69%), motivational (6.87%), educational-extensional (6.73%) and legal (5.83%). According to these results, the most important factors in accelerating land consolidation are agricultural and credit support.
Conclusions
This study has attempted to go beyond previous land consolidation research in Iran by providing a more detailed analysis of the basic processes related to land consolidation and using socio-economic data of farmers in Nehbandan villages of South Khorasan province, to explain the most important factors accelerating land integration.
According to the results of this research, the following suggestions are offered to accelerate the land consolidation process:
-Due to the significant relationship between farmers’ cooperation in implementing the land consolidation project and the rate of farmers’ awareness of land consolidation, implementation of training and extension programs to increase the knowledge and benefits of the positive effects of land integration is necessary.
- Given the positive effect of social trust (mutual trust between farmers), it is recommended to attract and retain trusted peasants by establishing local and intermediary groups, providing the basis for building more trust between the people as well as between the people and authorities established and voluntary participation of farmers integration projects were provided.
-Finally, it can be said that the best outcome will be achieved when the land consolidation policy is first included in the set of agricultural and rural development plans. Secondly, complementary measures should be taken to improve the economic and social status of rural settlements.
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