بهره گیری از مدل های تصمیم گیری چندمعیاره در ارزیابی قابلیّت های گردشگری نمونه ی موردی استان سمنان (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
استان سمنان به دلیل دارا بودن جنگل ها و طبیعت زیبا، از یک سو و موقعیّت خاص قرارگیری در بین شهرهای تهران و مشهد کریدور عبور گردشگران بسیاری می باشد، لذا مطالعه ی اهمّیّت گردشگری آن می تواند در پیش بینی نیازها، رفع کمبودها و توسعه ی گردشگری در منطقه، مؤثّر باشد. رتبه بندی زیرساخت های گردشگری در نواحی مختلف استان سمنان و توزیع متعادل زیرساخت ها، از اقدامات اساسی در توسعه ی گردشگری می باشد. از دلایل مهمّی که به این موضوع پرداخته شده، می توان به عدم توزیع نامتعادل و نابرابر زیرساخت ها و ظرفیت های گردشگری در سطح استان، اشاره کرد. روش تحقیق توصیفی – تحلیلی و هدف تحقیق، سطح بندی شهرستان های استان سمنان به لحاظ زیر ساخت های گردشگری در راستای توسعه ی منطقه ای استان سمنان با استفاده از روش های تصمیم گیری چندمعیاره (VIKOR,TOPSIS,ELECTR) می باشد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد به کارگیری روش های گوناگون چندمعیاره به رتبه بندی متفاوتی از گزینه های رقیب منجر می شود، بنابراین جهت حصول به اجماع و نیز رتبه بندی جامع تر گزینه ها، روش ادغام نتایج (روش (Copelandبه عنوان بهترین روش، پیشنهاد شده است. بر اساس نتایج Copeland شهرستان "گرمسار" در رتبه ی اوّل قرار گرفته است.Utilizing Multi-Criteria Decision Making Models in Evaluating Tourism Potential (Case study: Semnan Province)
Introduction
Today tourism industry is as an important source of income in the world and yet effective factors which are contributing to the cultural exchange countries has the largest movement of people in peace time and one of the most promising development activities that are referred to as the gate of development. Tourism is a complex and contradictory phenomenon. It’s a beneficial industry, balanced economic development in the regions. In recent decades the development of the tourism industry make it as one of the main economic activities of developed countries , have led planners to increase tourism income, paying attention to two important issues: first the satisfaction of tourists and to promote the enjoyment and quality of the tourism experience and second trying to protect the interests of host communities. Currently many countries get their economic and social benefits from tourism and used tourism revenues for infrastructure development in the region. Tourism is one of the most developed industries in the second half of the twentieth century and is often used as a key for economic growth in both developed and developing countries. In fact the main objective of the internal and external tourism development is the socio-economic development of target areas. The importance of tourism in the modern era, more than anything, depends on the economic cycle which has a high potential in terms of dynamic, local and international economy. The criteria for determining the center of tourist areas and a needed infrastructure and adjusting the inequalities is among the region. In 2000, about 700 million tourists have visited around the world. According to the latest report of World Tourism Organization (WTO) France is the most visited in terms of the issue among international travelers (75million tourist) and the United States with ($74.5 billion) has the highest tourism income in the world. Mediterranean country such as Turkey has the highest record in past four years. Tourism industry can bring many benefits for different communities. These five main interests include: infrastructure development, transportation, energy and communications, processing and supporting area for the development of industry, agriculture construction, nutrition and services, attracting direct and indirect foreign investment, paving the ground for an increase in national income, the development of employment opportunities and creating positive changes in the other parts of the economy using multiplication factor of tourism industry. The appropriate atmosphere of tourism in production and reproduction of region influence on economic and cultural development. For better understanding the atmosphere, the constructive process of physical including infrastructure and tourist services (hotels, restaurants, stores, etc.) visiting places (monuments, recreation, cinema, theater, museums, religious places, etc. ) social and cultural characteristics and behavioral area is very important. This study is aimed to rate the cities of Semnan province in terms of tourism infrastructure and investigate the influential factors in attracting urban tourism. Factors include accommodation facilities, including hotels, inns, and restaurant catering units between roads, the offices of passenger services, the number of commercial cultural and artistic exhibitions, public parks and tourist area among Semnan province which has been analyzed. Tourism is presented as a multi-purpose activity. In this study is to pay attention to tourism infrastructure and their spatial distribution within the cities of Semnan province rather than rating and ranking the city in terms of tourism. In this way we can realize the comparative comparison and tourist attractive and the performance of tourist atmosphere. Besides the spatial pattern of tourism infrastructure provided for balanced development.
Materials and Methods
With an emphasis on systematic approach, in this paper the analytical method was used. This means that at first the required information and statistics related to the tourism infrastructure among the cities of province were collected. Then through MCDM models, we ranked the cities and determining the important coefficient of infrastructure criteria
Discussion and Results
This study is aimed to rate the cities of Semnan province in terms of tourism infrastructure and investigate the influential factors in attracting urban tourism. Factors include accommodation facilities, including hotels, inns, and restaurant catering units between roads, the offices of passenger services, the number of commercial cultural and artistic exhibitions, public parks and tourist area among Semnan province which has been analyzed. Tourism is presented as a multi-purpose activity. In this study is to pay attention to tourism infrastructure and their spatial distribution within the cities of Semnan province rather than rating and ranking the city in terms of tourism. In this way we can realize the comparative comparison and tourist attractive and the performance of tourist atmosphere. Besides the spatial pattern of tourism infrastructure provided for balanced development.
Conclusion
In this paper, according to urban infrastructure and services used by tourists in the host society paid attention to rating and ranking of cities of Semnan province on one hand to tourism. On the other hand its way presented a model to strengthen the centers and areas which has low tourist attractions.
We found that residential infrastructure such as hotels, motels and other residential units and catering, travel agencies, the number of bus companies, cultural and artistic exhibitions, public parks and recreational areas have an important role in tourism development.
First identifying tourism infrastructure for each city and then prioritization was based on VIKOR models. In fact in the first stage only with regard to the role of infrastructure in attracting the attention of tourists, ranking these three places respectively; Shahrod, Semnan and Damghan. Then with regard to all standard and the comparison of paired criteria ranking the cities of Semnan province is as follows. Finally based on Kapland methos Shahrood was place first and then Semnan, Damghan , Garmsar and Mahdishare as placed in next order respectively.
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