رندی و قلندری در اشعار عبدالباقی مجددی (باقی) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
قلندریه به عنوان شاخه ای از ملامتیه، سعی در تخریب هنجارهای متداول جامعه و رد مظاهر دینداری داشت تا صورتی از عبادات خالصانه و بدور از ریا و عوام فریبی را به نمایش بگذارد. قلندران با پشت پا زدن به ارزش ها و اصول اخلاقی همچنین سنت های متداول روزگار ،خود را از هر گونه قید و بندی آزاد و رها می ساختند. آن چه در افکار قلندریه نمود بارزی دارد ، زیر پا نهادن تابوهای اجتماعی است که حاصل آن در شعر فارسی، بازتاب یافته است. این پژوهش به بررسی مضامین قلندرانه و رندانه در اشعار عبدالباقی مجددی(باقی) می پردازد. عبدالباقی مجددی یکی از شاعران صوفی افغانستان است که در اشعار وی مضامین قلندری و رندی به وضوح دیده می شود .از جمله مضامین قلندری در غزلیات باقی می توان باده نوشی، می خواری ، می پرستی، تعریض و کنایه به زاهدان ریایی، شیخ و صوفیان مصلحت جو، رد مظاهر شریعت و دینداری، ترجیح دیر و میخانه بر خانقاه، مدرسه و مسجد را نام برد. رند در اشعار باقی با ویژگی هایی چون رندِ الست، رندِ باده نوش، رندِ بدنام، رندِ بی تکلف، رندِ بی دستار، رندِ زاهد ستیز، رندِ صوفی ستیز، رندِ عاشق، رندِ قدح نوش، رندِ شاهد باز، رندِ مست و رندِ می پرست ظاهر می شود.Rendy and Qalandari in the poems of Abdul Baghi Mujadedi (Baghi)
Qalandarieh as a branch of criticisem, tried to destroy the common normes of society and reject manifestations of religiosity in order to display a form of sincere worship without demagoguery. qalandaran by stepping on themoral values as well as the common customs of the times, freed him from any constrations.what is evidence in qalandarieh thoughts is the breaking of social taboos, which has reflected in Persian poetry.This research examine the themes of rendi and qalandari in the poems of abdul baqi mujadadi (baghi) .Abdul Baqi Mojadadi is one of the high-ranking poets and Sufis of Afghanestan ,whoes poems contain the themes of rendi and qalandari. Among the theme of qalandari ,we can mention mikhavari’s drinking and mocking the ascetic hypocritical sheikhs and expedient Sufis ,the Rejection of manifestations of sharia and religiosity and prefer of late and pubs over Monasteries, schools and mosque .Rand in the rest of the shows with characteristics such as Rand Alast, Rand Badeh Noosh ,Rand Badnam, Rand untouchable ,Rand Zahed Setiz ,Rand sufi stiz and so on .
Extended abstract
Introduction
The beginning of Islamic sufism was based on ascetism and piety. Zahedan’s pashmina dressing was a form of protest against the wealty who had spent their lives enjoying themselves later when the wearing of pashmina and demonstration of sharia law become an excuse for profitting of hypocritical Sufis and ascetics a movement called malamatiyeh was formed .malamatiyeh were a tribe from sufiya that were famous in Khorasan in the third century and after that . The thinking of malamatiyeh based on the teaching of hamdun qasar and abu hafez haddad consisted of secret piety and asceticism. Qalandariyyeh emerged from the womb of malamatiyeh sect which although they had similarities had significant and important differences. Like the qalandarans the malamatians had anti-social behaviour ,but they were committed to the religious customs while the qalandran ‘s performance was to break the restriction and not commit to sharia and religious requirements.The foundation of the qalandari’s movement was based on the fight against hypocrisy and unthruth therefore, those who used sharia and tariqa as a reason for their reputation were hypocrities from the qalandari’s point of view.One of the fundamental beliefs of malamtia is avoiding fame and seeking fame and to welcome anonymity.Instead of going to the monasty where there was a possibility of hypocrisy qalandarans went to infamous places like ruins and this itself was a kind of taboo breaking .In qalandari’s poems, kharekha, asceticism ,school and mosque are constrasted with words such as zonar ,mai, badeh ,maikadeh and ruins . Abdul baghi mujadedi a sufi and poet of Afghanistan is one of the poets who influenced by the malamati school .He was one of the prominent leaders of the naghshbandieh method .baghi was born in Kabul city in 1194 which coincides with the ninth year of timur shah darrani’s regin. He died in 1287 in Kabul city.In this article is attempt to answer this question that are there randi and qalandari themes in the poems of abdul baqi mojaddi ?Also what are the characteristics of rand in mujadadi’s poem ?Also what are the characteristics of rand in mujadadi’s poem?
2-Research methodology
The method used in this research is a descriptive -analytical method which is for this purpose most of the sources including dictionaries sufi and mystical books as well as contemporary article in this field have been considered.
3-Discussion
Qalandriy is a meadering steam in time.A kind of norm breaker that is manifested as a protest against the expediency and hypocricy of Sufis ruling the society and turns its back on the common customs sancities.The basis of the galandadariyyeh tariqah has been to abandon belonging and even to be unbonded by current customs and manners .It seems that there was a kind of unrestricted extremism in this Turkish affiliation , which is why qalandaran was sometimes interpreted as rand , The dynasty of qalandariyeh was founded by sheikh jamal al -Din sawji.He founded The custom of shaving head hair and eyebrows .Mohamad Balkhi who was his student and follower added the custom of wearing jawal to it and because of this he became known as jolaqi or javalaqi. One of the prominent characteristics of qalandrants is to break social taboos in order to provoke people’s blame because in their thinking blame is necessary to restrain the rebellious ego and prevent pride and corruption .Drinking beer or wine and worshiping wine is a clear example of this breaking of social norms, which can be seen in qalandaran’s poem so that in these poems mikadeh and kharabat are in opposition to mosque monastery and school
Qalandar not only goes to mikadeh and kharabat wears zonar and drinks wind, but also calls others including hypocritical ascetics to attend in these places to show his opposition to hypocrisy and deception in the society and the worship of hypocritical ascetics and Sufis make fun of expediency . In baghi’s qalandaran poem’s hypocritical tools such as rosary, dastar, acloack, a turban and prayer condemned, because in qalandran’s thought they are a symbol of hypocrisy and manifestation of pride and arrogance .Qalandar hopes for god’s forgiveness and mercy and believes that the sound of the wind falling from may glass to the cup and wine cup brings the call of god mercy and grace to qalandar’s ears .A Ghazal by Baghi with mina’s row is proof of qalandaran’s idea . Rand has a high position in Baghi’s poems . He is a perfect human being whose greatest goal is to leave the wordly attachments and attain piety . He demands sincerity in his actions by leaving hypocrisy and selfishness. Rand in Mujadadi’s poems is with adjectives such as Rand alast, Rand Badenoosh , Rand Bad Nam , Rand Bi Takalof , Rand Bidastar , Rand Zahed Setiz ,Rand Ashegh , Rand Ghdah Noosh ,Rand Shahed Baz ,Rand Mast ,Rand May Parast .Also The Combination Of Qalandaran and Randan themes can be seen in Baghi sonnets.
4-conclusion
Social injustices mainly the form of asceticism and the attempt to achieve salvation in the afterlife by asceticism and monastic Sufis led to the creation of the malamatiyeh sect and thus the qalandariyeh sect to confront hypocrisy through confronational norms of society and turning away from existing social institutions so that the society be corrected .The appearance of qalandari’s thoughts in persian poetry began with Sanaii and its beauty and impact made other mystic and non mystic poets take advantage of these impressive themes .In qalandaran’s poems the opposition of words such as asceticism, monastery ,cloack ,Sufi, Pir moghan, kharabat ,Deir moghan ,Mogh becheh and Mikdeh are clearly visible .In the poems of Baghi Rand and qalandar have common features both of them seek to break taboos frame works and common rules of society .thery introduce themselves as drunkards and engage in drinking and worshiping alcohol .They mock the manifestation of sharia law and religiosity, even the ascetism belongs to ascetics and Sufis of monasteries and sancity of mosques and monasteries and he calles others to drink alcohol and stay in mikdas in order to deal with the hypocrisy that dominates the society . Baghi’s poems tell hypocrisy of the society . The monastery and the mosque are contaminated with hypocrisy and trickery . Baghi appears in the fact of pious qalandary and calls himself Rand to show his position against hypocritical ascetics and demagogues .
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