تحلیل نظریه رفتار متقابل اریک برن بر جنبه «والد» شخصیت های رمان سووشون (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
یکی از نظریات دانش روان شناسی که به بررسی شخصیت افراد می پردازد، نظریه تحلیل رفتار متقابل اریک برن است. بر اساس دیدگاه برن شخصیت انسان ها متشکل از سه جنبه «بالغ»، «والد» و «کودک» است که با توجه به شرایط موجود و پیش زمینه تربیتی هر فرد، یک جنبه، کنترل شخصیت را بر عهده می گیرد. براساس این نظریه، شخصیتی متعادل و سازگار دانسته می شود که جنبه بالغ وی با توجه به اقتضای حال و مقام، به سایر جنبه ها اجازه کنترل شخصیت را بدهد. وقایع رمان «سووشون» سیمین دانشور که در شهر شیراز اتفاق می افتد، به عنوان نمونه ای از کل جامعه آن روز ایران شناخته می شود که ویژگی های روانی شخصیت های آن متأثر از شرایط جامعه و متناسب با آن به تصویر کشیده شده است. این پژوهش بر آن است تا به روش توصیفی – تحلیلی و بر اساس مطالعات کتابخانه ای، رفتار متقابل شخصیت ها در جامعه داستانی سووشون را بر پایه نظریه تحلیل رفتار متقابل اریک برن مورد بررسی قرار دهد تا از این طریق، هم ارزی شخصیت ها و وقایع رمان با شرایط جامعه را آشکار کرده و به این سوال اساسی پاسخ دهد که استبداد حاکم بر جامعه چه تاثیری بر جنبه والد شخصیت های رمان سووشون گذاشته است؟ به نظر می رسد استبداد حاکم بر جامعه سنتی آن روز ایران باعث شده است تا رفتار اغلب شخصیت های داستان تحت تأثیر جنبه والد آنها شکل گرفته و غلبه ارزش های سنتی در جامعه مردسالار ، موجب شده تا رفتار متقابل مردان و زنان داستان در قالب الگوی ارتباطی " والد به کودک"بروز یابد.Analyzing Eric Berne's theory of transactional analysis on the "parent" aspect of the characters in the Suvashun novel
One of the theories of psychology knowledge that studies the interaction of people and their personality is Eric Burn's theory of transactional analysis. According to Burn's point of view, human personality consists of three aspects: "adult", "parent" and "child" that According to the existing conditions and according to the educational background of each person, one aspect takes control of the personality. According to this theory, a balanced and compatible personality is considered to be one whose mature aspect allows other aspects to control the personality according to the requirements of the situation and position. The events of the "Soowashoon" novel that take place in Shiraz city are known as an example of the entire society of Iran at that time. The psychological characteristics of its characters are depicted, influenced by the conditions of the society and in accordance with it. This research aims to analyze the interaction of the characters in the fictional society of Swoowashoon based on Eric Berne's theory of transactional analysis using a descriptive-analytical method and based on library studies and In this way, reveal the equivalence of the characters and events of Soowashoon novel with the conditions of the society And to answer this basic question, what effect has the tyranny ruling the society had on the paren aspect of the characters in Soowashoon novel. It seems that the despotism of the traditional Iranian society has caused the behavior of most of the characters in the story to be influenced by their "parent" aspect And the predominance of traditional values in patriarchal society, draws the mutual behavior of men and women of the story in the form of "parent to child" communication pattern.Extended abstract1- Introduction Eric Berne by observing the confrontation of people with each other and analyzing their behavior, studied their personality and for this reason, he called his theory "transactional analysis". One of the most basic topics of the theory of transactional analysis is the triple pattern of emotional states (personality aspects). " A mental state is a set of related behaviors, thoughts and feelings that Through it, he reveals a part of his personality at a particular time."(joines, 2019: 23) Based on the theory of transactional analysis Human behaviors originate from three emotional states: "parent, adult and child".The novel "Soowashoon" is related to the period the country, on one hand, was under Pahlavi's autocratic rule and On the other hand, It was occupied by foreigners. without any doubt, This authoritarian atmosphere has influenced the psyche and personality of the members of the society and The author was also not without this influence in the first way. According to the changes that happened in the country due to the connection with the West and the spread of modernity And some of these changes also affected this story, The most important issue that can be seen under the influence of these new ideas in this novel and other works of Simin Daneshvar is attention to women and their place in society. Due to the fact that Mrs. Daneshvar herself belonged to the community of women and was considered a leading writer in the field of novel writing, women have a central role in her novels and create great events. He is trying to raise the social status of women and expose her oppression and make her aware that she can participate in social work along with men.(hasanli,2007,5). According to the mentioned conditions and based on the theory of transactional analysis of Dr. Eric Berne, who believes that the "parent" aspect of human personality is directly influenced by the behavior of parents and those who are their successors, the main questions of this research are:1- Have the authoritarian behavior of the government and the chaotic political and social conditions of the society had an effect on the "parent" aspect of the characters in the 'Soowashoon' novel?2- How has the reaction of women as a dominated class been in transactional relation with men and their "parent" aspect?Examining literary texts in each period using different theories and perspectives can reveal different issues to us. Considering that so far no research has been done in the field of psychological analysis of Simin Daneshvar's works based on the theory of transactional analysis of Eric Berne, conducting this research seems necessary to analyze the mind and psyche of the characters of the work, the author and the general mindset of the society. Research methodThis research was done by descriptive-analytical method and based on library sources. DiscussionSimin Daneshvar has reflected various issues in her novels. By examining her novels, it is possible to analyze the psyche of the characters and even the society of that period. The novel "Soowashoon", which is the most famous work of Mrs. Simin Daneshvar, is a social novel that "although it is told from the perspective of a woman, but the story of this woman and the adventures that happen in her house (Mam Watan, Iran) happens, in the narrative course of the story, it is connected to the history of the Iranian people."(ghanbary,2016:139) Now, by examining this novel, we intend to analyze the relationship between the society's conditions and the events in the novel and its effect on the behavior of the characters.Yusuf and Zari are the two main characters of the novel. The "parent" aspect of Yusuf's personality is superior to other aspects and When Yusuf's ideals and goals are challenged, and someone speaks against it, he does not consider people's feelings and emotions and status and rank and expresses his position clearly. Of course, this issue can be influenced by the general conditions governing the society, which covered the entire atmosphere of the society, and Yusuf himself is aware of this issue. Before Yusuf's death, Zari's personality was influenced by the "child" aspect, and this caused her to remain silent most of the time and not reveal her opinions. With Yusuf's death, a great shock came to Zari, and the mature words of Dr. Abdullah Khan affected Zari's personality, And it caused that the "child" aspect retreat and the "parent" to take control. In fact, "adult" allowed her to make a decision according to the conditions of this time and place. The transformation that took place in Zari shows both the author's worldview and the author's wish. Her heart's desire is for women to put aside the limitations and fear and to get the true status of women by themselves. According to Lucien Goldmann, this is one of the characteristics of every outstanding literary work, which is called "possible character". "If the author's world is not like the reality of his time, he describes the desire of his group."(goldmann,2003:15)4- ConclusionThe mental state and personality of people are directly related to the conditions of the society and this issue can be seen in the behavior of the characters of Soowashoon's novel, which is in accordance with the social conditions of that period. On the one hand, the society of that period is involved in its traditional issues, such as: lord-serf system, lack of attention to women and their rights, and on the other hand, it has inadvertently become involved in the issues of world war and the invasion of foreigners. The oppression and tyranny of the ruling class and the deceit and coercion of the British have also affected the people and their personality and caused most of the characters to be autocratic and despotic and the "parent" aspect dominates their behavior. The dominance of the "tyrannical parent" over the personality of people is quite evident and even people like Youssof, who has a balanced and compatible personality, are forced to use their "parent" aspect to stand against the stimuli of the "parent" of others and even forcing their family members to use such behaviors, as Zari abandoned her "child" aspect after her death so that she could defend her rights, her family and society. Due to the traditional system ruling the society, which considered women to be subordinate to men and did not allow them to interfere in major issues, the "child" aspect prevailed on their personality and as a result, the mutual relationship between men and women in the fictional society of Soowashoon was different from the communication model. "Parent to child" obeys. If at the end of the story we see that the main character, who is a woman, has changed and overcomes all obstacles and limitations, it is not because of equality with the reality of the society, but the author wants to, in this way, Express herself and her group worldview. 5-References(All in Persian) <em>Holy Quran</em>.Omidali, H. 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