بررسی و تحلیل دیدگاه کلامی- ادبی نظامی گنجوی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
از دیدگاه نظامی سخن و شعر تنها ابزاری برای گفت وگو و خلق زیبایی نیست، بلکه جایگاهی فراتر از آن در دستگاه آفرینش بر عهده دارد. از این رو، وی علاوه بر خلق آثار ممتاز ادبی از منظر زیبایی شناسی، همواره در پی تبیین مسائل مهم هستی شناسی و آموزش مبانی اندیشه ورزی درباره نظام هستی و مراتب وجودی آن است. در این نظام فکری، شعر، شاعر و شاعرانگی بخشی مهم از مراتب هستی در دو ساحت آفرینشگری و تداوم هدف انبیا از منظر آگاهی بخشی به شمار می آیند و در خدمت امور قدسی و در راستای نظام عالی آفرینش جزو مهم ترین مراتب هستند. هدف اصلی جستار حاضر این است که ارتباط دیدگاه های کلامی نظامی را با دیدگاه های ادبی وی تبیین کند. از این رو، نخست دیدگاه کلامی نظامی را در دو محور آفریدگار هستی و نحوه آفرینش و سلسله مراتب هستی به اختصار بیان کرده ایم تا از این طریق و در مرحله سوم، جایگاه شعر و شاعر در نظام هستی و اهمیت و اغراض شاعر و رسالت شاعری در این نظام فکری تبیین و دیدگاه کلامی- ادبی نظامی بر این اساس روشن شود.Review and Analysis of Nezami Ganjavi's Theological-Literary Perspective
For Nezami, speech and poetry are not only tools for conversation and the creation of beauty but have a place beyond that in the creation system. Therefore, in addition to creating outstanding literary works from an aesthetic point of view, he always seeks to explain the important issues of ontology and teach the fundamentals of thinking about the system of existence and its existential levels. In this intellectual system, poetry, poets, and poetics are important parts of the levels of existence in two areas of creation and continuation of the purpose of the prophets in providing awareness, and that they are also among the most important levels in the service of sacred affairs and in line with the supreme system of creation. The main goal of this essay is to explain the relationship between Nezami's theological views and his literary views. Therefore, firstly, we have briefly stated Nezami's theological point of view on the two axes of the creator of existence and the way of creation and the hierarchy of existence, so that in this way and in the third stage, the position of poetry and the poet in the system of being, the importance and goals of the poet and the mission of a poet in this intellectual system will be explained and Nezami’s theological-literary view will be clarified on this basis.Keywords: Nezami Ganjavi, Theology, System of Existence, Poetry, Perspective. IntroductionAmong the most important and obvious Nezami’s ideas in his worldview are the views related to the two fields of theology and literature, or, in a better way, the connection between these two views. because in this huge collection of thoughts, Nezami's literary views are derived from his theological view and subordinate to his theological thought in the interpretation of the universe and his ontological view. An issue that has been of great interest to Nezami and has been addressed in all his works, especially in the introduction to his poems. Nezami's works prove that he has always sought to discover and interpret the universe and raise awareness about it, and in many cases, he refers to his constant efforts in this field. Also, in this intellectual system, poetry and poetics are in complete relation to religious and theological beliefs. According to numerous textual evidence and repeated comments about speech - and in general about poetry and poetics - and its importance and role, Nezami's opinion is based on the principle that speech has a proper and worthy place in the system of existence, and it must have intellectual and ideological support. Therefore, by relying on the important knowledge of the age and by referring to the opinions and thoughts of the sages of ancient Greece and the Quranic and hadith teachings, and under the influence of the intellectual foundations of theologians before him and combining them, he seeks to create and prove a new theory and a new attitude towards the universe, and he seeks to explain this theory throughout his works, especially in the introduction to his poems. In Nezami’s worldview, all parts of the world follow a perfect system and set of principles. Such a system has a hierarchy that is based on that system from the beginning to the end, and literary works, like other phenomena of existence, have a role and a position in this system, and lack of awareness of this role can cause deviation, and instead of being considered a sacred thing and in line with the best system of existence, it becomes a reprehensible and contemptible thing. Literature ReviewPreviously, there have been valuable works about Nezami's theological thoughts, such as the article on the manifestation of Some ofNezami's philosophical-theological opinions by Asghar Dadbeh, which is about Nezami's philosophical-theological thoughts about creation. The article Nezam-e Kalami dar Kalam-e Nezami by Ahmad Khatami, has a brief overview of Nezami theological views, including monotheism, God's attributes, predestination, and free will, etc., and Ahmad Tamim Dari has tried to match the views of Nezami with the opinions of major theological schools in the article Mashreb Kalami Nezami. Regarding Nezami's literary thoughts, he has also authored important works, such as the essay on the concept of speech for Nezami by Hamid Dabashi and the article reflection on the subject of Nezami's speech by Seddiqeh Soleimani, which are all valuable works in this field. According to the useful research studies that have been conducted, each of which has examined an aspect of Nezami’s thought, so far the issue of the relationship and connection of theological views with literary views in the system of Nezami’s thought has not been considered and paid attention to, and the purpose of this article is to try to explain the relationship between these two major views from the perspective of Nezami's worldview. MethodologyThe research method in this article is descriptive-analytical. For this purpose, after studying Nezami Ganjavi’s pieces, books and articles related to the topic and reflecting on the connections between the components of the speech and their analysis, the topics related to the title of the article have been collected, analyzed, and finally summarized.4.ConclusionFor Nezami, everything in the world is moving towards a holy and purposeful end. Poetry and poetics in this school of thought are not excluded from this. Speech and poetry are considered to be part of the most important levels of existence in the two fields of creativity and awareness. In the matter of writing, the poet has a creative role, just like the creator of the universe, and also in the ranks of the universe, he comes after the prophets and continues their path for enlightenment and awareness. Hence, any deviation from the main path of poetry and poetics will be a departure from this rule and will cause misfortune. Therefore, after explaining the levels of existence and pointing to the place of speech and poetry, Nezami enumerates the characteristics of sacred and sublime poetry and calls poets to the necessity of knowing and observing those standards. He criticizes eulogy poets whose attention is other than these goals and in pursuit of earning sustenance and receiving compensation, and calls poets and activists in the field of speech cultivation to reflect and scrutinize.
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