مضامین مشترک در رباعیات خیام نیشابوری و آثار کریستین بوبن (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
کریستین بوبن نویسنده ء معاصر فرانسوی با تاثیرپذیری از خیام نیشابوری، بازتاب دهنده ء مضامین اساسی رباعیات این شاعر در آثار خود بوده است. از آن جا که مطالعات تاثیر و تاثر به عنوان یکی از شاخه های مطالعات تطبیقی با بررسی شباهت ها و تفاوت های میان آثار و نویسندگان مختلف اطلاعاتی از میزان تاثیرپذیری آن ها از یک دیگر در اختیار تطبیقگر قرار می دهد، در این جستار با تاکید بر مضامین مشترک میان آثار دو شاعر و نویسنده، به بررسی میزان تاثیرپذیری بوبن از خیام می پردازیم و از خلال روشی تطبیقی-تحلیلی به مطالعه و بررسی کتب ترجمه شده از این چهره ء معاصر ادبیات فرانسه در ایران و رباعیات خیام می پردازیم و بدین ترتیب درصدد پاسخ به پرسش موردنظر برمی آییم : 1-وجود مضامین مشترک در آثار این دو چهره ء ادبی تا چه اندازه خبر از تاثیرپذیری بوبن از شاعر ایرانی می دهد؟ و2- این مضامین چگونه نزد دو شاعر نمود پیدا می کند؟ در حقیقت صحبت از گذر زمان و ناپایداری، غنیمت شمردن حال و اهمیت وجود شادی در زندگی، مرگ، ابهام افکنی فلسفی و اهمیت وجود خدا که عناصر تشکیل دهندهء نظام فکری خیام و مضامین اصلی رباعیات هستند، تاثیرپذیری نویسندهء فرانسوی از خیام را به خوبی نشان می دهند که در اقبال ادبی بوبن در ایران نقش بسزایی نیز داشته است.Common themes in Khayyam Neyshaburi’s quatrains and Christian Bobin’s books
The influence studies are one of the branches of comparative literature researches which have managed lots of projects all around the world. By verifying the analogy and the difference between the different authors and their books, these studies provide some information about their influence over each other. We analyze, therefore, Omar Khayyam’s influence; poet of ancient Persian literature, on Christian Bobin, contemporary French writer, by studying the quatrains’ themes in Bobin’s translated books in Iran and we apply a comparative-analytical method. The passage of time and instability, making a profit from present and importance of happiness in our life, importance of God’s presence and nihilism constitute the most principal themes in Khayyam Neyshaburi’s quatrains. Christian Bobin’s familiarity with this poet and Khayyam’s influence on French author bring about Persian poet’s presence in Bobin’s books. Despite some differences between these two literary figures, there are lots of analogies concerning the appearance of these common themes in their books. Introduction The influence studies are on one the branches of comparative literature. By verifying the analogy and the difference between the different authors and their books, these studies provide some information about their influence over each other. There are many poets and authors who influence over each other by their own writings and thinking. One of them is Christian Bobin (1951), a contemporary French author who knows the Iranian poets like Khayyam and comprehend his poems. So, we are going to study this author and poet's books to analyze the influence of Khayyam over Bobin. Therefore, we are going to use a comparative-analytical demarche to study Bobin's translated books in Iran and also the quatrains of Khayyam and we will answer these questions: 1. How do the common themes in their books reveal Khayyam’s influence over French author? And 2. How do these common themes are appeared in Bobin's books? In fact, the purpose of this research is the study of Khayyam’s influence over Christian Bobin. In addition, the common themes between them reveals this influence. 2.Research Method This research is done by a comparative-analytical demarche and the theories are based on Siegbert Salomon Prawer’s comparative researches resources and some other authentic articles. Besides, we are going to use some of the Bobin’s translated books like Good for nothing as his mother, The shine of solitary, Isabel Bruges, The Golden letters, Mozart and the rain, The ruins of the sky, The Missing part, The Mad appearance, The White Lady, The Very Law, The More than alive, Jay, The Human joy. Discussion As we said before, one of the most significant factors in Bobin's reception in Iran is the presence of Khayyam's quatrains themes in his own books. In fact, this French author knows the Iranian poets like Mowlana and Khayyam. He affirms that he can know Iran's heart by Mowlana's poems. He is also interested in Khayyam's poems. Bobin believes that Khayyam’s poems pass through the disappointment root and talk about the life absurdity and the only important thing is the happiness and the benefit of present. Like Khayyam, Bobin believes that although the life is difficult, we must take advantages of its beauties.The instability is considered as the most principal theme in Khayyam's quatrains. (Fazeli, 1387: 78). There are lots of quatrains which transfer this concept to the readers ; the life which runs and there is no stop, human's life which is finished in the blink of an eye, the pains and the happiness which come and go, all of them show the passage of time and its instability. Besides the love, childhood and Bobin, like Khayyam, talks about this instability. In fact, he talks about the instability of time, life, human, nature, pains and the happiness. Don't forget that Bobin calls one of his books The passing life . So, we can understand the importance of the most principal theme of Khayyam's quatrains to Bobin. As the life is short, Khayyam invites the readers to take advantages of their life. He emphasizes the profit of present time. (Fazeli, 1387: 79-80) we can also find this concept in Bobin's books. By insisting on taking advantages of the present time, he considers neither the past nor the future for our life; there is just the moment of present. He reminds that the most precious factor of our life is the happiness. Besides, the death and the life after that is considered as another concept of Khayyam's quatrains. This poet never denies this phenomenon, but he can't comprehend its secrets. Bobin also believes on another world beyond this universe. But like Khayyam, he confesses that he knows nothing against the secrets of the life in his idea, it's impossible to know the verities and the secrets of the world. The nihilism is one of the most significant themes in Khayyam's quatrains. Being influenced by this poet, the French author considers no relation between the human and the world which is rooted of his existentialist ideas. He can't comprehend the secrets of the world nor the human and finally Bobin considered no relation between them. In fact, his characters can't find their own place in the world. It can be the result of human's limited knowledge. In addition, Khayyam doesn't deny God in his poems. He benefits of different interpretations to talk about God. (Hejazi, Balu, 1397: 41) We can also find the presence of God in majority of Bobin's books. He feels God and his presence always with him and everywhere. Conclusion In this research and by regarding Bobin's familiarity with Khayyam and his affection for his quatrain's themes in Bobin's books. Someone who knows Khayyam's poems, can find also his ideas and his poem's themes in Bobin's writings. According to our French author's familiarity with Iranian poet, the influence of Khayyam over Bobin is in attendance. The presence of the most important theme of quatrains in French author's books can be regarded as a reason to this influence. There is no difference between Bobin's look and that of Khayyam about life and both of them insist on being happy and profiting of present. In addition, both of them believe on the death and the life after that. But at the same time, they aren't able to comprehend the secrets of the life and that of the death. That's why both of them confess this inability. Besides, we can find Khayyam's nihilist look in Bobin's books. Don't forget that the presence of God is really tangible and perceptible. There is no obvious difference in the representation of these themes between the French author and Iranian poet and it can reinforce the influence of Iranian poet over Bobin. It's better to know that Bobin could gain an excellent reception in Iran. His books agree with Iranian’s readers literary taste and respond to their expects. So, we can consider the influence of Khayyam and the presence of quatrain's themes as another significant role in Bobin's reception in Iran. References 1-Ayati, Akram, 2012, The theme of death in Khayyam and Gautier, Plume revue, No. 15, pp. 45-69. 2-Anushiravani, Alireza, 2010, The necessity of comparative literature in Iran, Comparative literature , No. 9, pp. 6-38. 3-Balu, Farzad, Hejazi, Mahdi, 2018, The nihilism in Nietzsche’s and Khayyam’s work, The world Contemporary literature, No. 1, pp. 35-57. 4-Bobin, Christian, 2011, Good for nothing, as his mother , translated by Aliakbar Barzegar, Tehran: Zehnaviz. 5-Bobin, Christian , 2011, The shine of solitary, translated by Aliakbar Barzegar, Tehran: Zehnaviz. 6-Bobin, Christian, 2011, Isabelle Bruges, translated by Mahvash Ghavimi, Tehran: Ashiyan. 7-Bobin, Christian, 2012, The Golden letters, translated by Sirus Khazaeli, Tehran: Darinush. 8-Bobin, Christian, 2012, Mozart and the rain , translated by Mahtab Boluki, Tehran: Nashr Ney. 9-Bobin, Christian, 2013, The ruins of the sky , translated by Seyyed Habibi Gohari Rad, Tehran: Radmehr. 10-Bobin, Christian, 2014, The Missing part , translated by Farzaneh Mehri, Tehran: Sales. 11-Bobin, Christian, 2015, The Mad appearance , translated by Seyyed Habibi Gohari Rad, Tehran: Radmehr. 12-Bobin, Christian, 2015, The White Lady , translated by Delara Ghahraman, Tehran: Parseh. 13-Bobin, Christian, 2016, The Very Low , translated by Piruz Sayyar, Tehran: Nashr Noow. 14-Bobin, Christian, 2016, The More than alive , translated by Delara Ghahraman, Tehran:Parseh. 15-Bobin, Christian, 2017, Jay , translated by Farzin Gazerani, Tehran: Sales. 16-Bobin, Christian, 2017, The Very Low , translated by Farzaneh Mehri, Tehran: Sales. 17-Bobin, Christian, 2017, The Human joy , translated by Banafsheh Farahmandi, Tehran: Parseh. 18-Dadvar, Elmira, 2009, An introduction of comparative literature , Teheran: Samt. 19-Fazeli, Mehboud, 2008, Khayyam’s thoughts system, Literary researches, No. 20, pp. 61-79. 20-Hadidi, Javad, 1973, Khayyam in France , revue of Literature and Humanities Sciences of Mashhad, No. 34, pp. 223-260. 21-Hadidi, Javad,1973, Khayyam in France , revue of Literature and Humanities Sciences of Mashhad, No. 35, pp. 411-432. 22-Hadidi, Javad, 1973, Khayyam in France, revue of Literature and Humanities Sciences of Mashhad, No. 36, pp. 547-570. 23-Khalaatbari, Babak, 2017, The collision of two thoughts beyond the time and the place: Henri Cazalis and Omar Khayyam, Plume revue , No. 26, pp. 137-156. 24-Khayyam Neishaburi, Omar, 2014, The quatrains of Khayyam , combined by Mohammadali Forughi, Teheran: Yasavoli. 25-Khayyam Neishaburi, Omar, 2014, The quatrains of Khayyam , combined by Amir Tahmasbi, Teheran: Payam Edalat. 26-Mohseni, Mohammadreza, Fahim Kalam, Mahbubeh, 2012, Study about death and existence in Paul Valery’s The Graveyard by the sea and Khayyam’s Rubaiyat, revue of Linguistic studies , No. 3, pp. 157-173. 27-Prawer, Siegbert Salomon, 2014, Comparative Literary Studies: An Introduction , translated by Alireza Anushiravini and Mostafa Hosseini, Teheran. 28-Ranjbar, Gohar, Ghavimi, Mahvash, 2018, The crossing of Montherlan in the world of Khayyam or the crossing of two different worldviews , French language studies , No. 19, pp. 15-28. 29-Ranjbar, Roghayeh, 2011, The comparative study of the life sense in Khayyam’s idea (according to the quatrains) and that of Samuel Beckett (Waiting for Godot) , thesis of master, Shahid Rajaei university.
تبلیغات
