مطالعه و شناخت حجاری ستون های سنگی مساجد قاجاری (مطالعه موردی: مسجد حاج شهبازخان و دولتشاه در کرمانشاه) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مساجد همواره طی دوران اسلامی به گونه ای خاص تجلیگاه ذوق و مهارت خالصانه هنرمندان بوده و همچون بومی بزرگ مجموعه ای از هنرهای رایج هر عصر را به نمایش می گذاشته است. با آغاز سلسله قاجاریه، آرایه کاران این دوره به پیروی از سفارش دهندگان و بانیان اصلی آثار معماری، گرایش آشکاری به بهره گیری از تزیینات سنگی در معماری بناهای این دوره داشته اند. حجاری ستون های سنگی نمونه های پرشماری است که در مساجد قاجاری حاج شهبازخان و دولتشاه در کرمانشاه مشاهده می شود. بررسی، مطالعه و مقایسه هر یک با نمونه های شاخص در شهر شیراز، سنندج و اصفهان در دوره قاجار و زندیه بازشناسی هویت فرهنگی را در پی دارد. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر با توجه به خلأ نسبی موجود در این زمینه، بر مبنای بررسی های میدانی و مطالعات کتابخانه ای، سپس با بهره گیری از روش های توصیفی- تحلیلی و مطالعات تطبیقی به چگونگی ارتباط بین تزیینات حجاری ستون های مساجد در دوره قاجار می پردازد. یافته های تحقیق نشان می دهد، حجاری ستون های مساجد مورد نظر با نمونه های هم دوره در شیراز و اصفهان از نظر سبک و محتوا ارتباط نزدیکی دارد. ریشه اصلی این گونه تزیین در هنر ایران باستان به خصوص ستون سازی دوره هخامنشی است.Study and recognition of carved stone columns Qajar mosque (Case study of Haj Shahbaz Khan and Dolatshah mosques in Kermanshah)
Mosques always during the Islamic period have been as a particular species Manifestation of taste and skill of real artists, and like a large canvas have displayed the Set of popular arts in any period. In the meantime, stone , despite the difficulty in extracting and cutting, not abandoned ,and at beginning of the Qajar dynasty, trimmer of this period following the order and recommend of main sponsors of architecture, in dependent decoration to architectural of this period , have had a clear tendency to use of the topics and decorative elements (carved pillars). Numerous examples of carved stone pillars are seen in the Qajar mosques; Haji Shahbaz Khan and DolatShah in Kermanshah. Study and compare of each of them with indicator examples in Shiraz, Isfahan and Sanandaj in Qajar and Zand eras can be led to recognition of cultural identity. In studying and recogintion of the columns stonemasonry of Kermanshah Qajarid mosque and other samples, we achieve to these results: in making and decoration of mosques stone column have been used that they have ancient Iran origin and special Achaemenid period. These drcorations have many similarities with samples of the ancient Iran art and also have been formed affected from special decorative methods of the Qajar period and we can find art spirit of the Qajar period. In fact, stonemason almost has operated in using of structural and decorative designs of the Qajarid moseques columns according to current decorative traditions of Zandiye. And at the same time has been seen to the decorative formats of ancient era like of pleasnet patterns of columns stonemasonry orderers that time. Whatever columns stonemasonry of the Qajarid mosques of Kermanshah and other Qajarid samples distinguish further cases associated to architecture from nature and performance style point of view,is impressment of designers and builder of these remnant from patterns of ancient era. In comparsion between stonemasonry of the Qajarid, Zandiye and Achaemenid columns, become distinct, artistic similarity in the Qajarid columns and in regard to decorative structure have the most resemblance with the Zandiye period, and there were in regard to thematic and symbolic basic differences with the Achaemenid columns. These contents in the Qajar period composed with art of Islamic – Persian and have been generated motifs of fine and bonny in the stonemasonry of mosques columns. It is important to mention that until now any study or report is not published about carings on qajar mosques pillars in kermanshah city. Accordingly, this study due to the partial vacuum in the field, based on field surveys and library studies and then using descriptive methods - analytical and comparative studies deals with on the relationship between columns carved decoration of mosques in Qajar era. The findings of this research show that carved pillars of the Intended mosques have a close relationship with samples of Shiraz and Isfahan in terms of style and content. And the main root of these decorative species are in ancient art especially in carvings columns of Achaemenid period.
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