چندلایگی و تعلیق معنای قطعی در شعر شفیعی کدکنی با تکیه بر نماد و پارادوکس (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
متن ادبی قابلیت چندلایگی و تأویل پذیری دارد. دلیل این وضعیت، حضور بعضی از ایماژها در متن است. این مقاله می کوشد تا دو صنعت ادبیِ نماد و پارادوکس را در شعر شفیعی کدکنی از جهت نقشی که در تعلیق دائم، قطعی و چندلایگی معنا دارند و نیز به عنوان دو صنعت ادبی که شکاف و خلأ عمیقی را میان زبان عادی و زبان بلاغی ایجاد می کنند، مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار دهد. پرسش اصلی این پژوهش این است که نماد و پارادوکس، به چه میزان در ایجاد لایه های متفاوت معنایی در شعر شفیعی نقش دارند و سهم هرکدام از این دو آرایه در ایجاد شکاف و خلأ میان دو قطب عادی و بلاغی زبان و ایجاد چندلایگی معنای متن چه میزان است؟ یافته ها و شواهد موجود در متن نشان می دهد که عنصر نماد در مقایسه با پارادوکس در سیّالی و عدم قطعیت، پنهان سازی و تعلیق معنا در اشعار شفیعی از جایگاه مهم تری برخوردار است و پارادوکس نیز علیرغم تازگی، زیبایی و شگفت انگیزیِ کاربرد، در مقایسه با نماد بسامد کمتری دارد. براین اساس، شفیعی کدکنی بر اساس درک راستینی که از قدرت نماد در پویایی و فرازمانی معنا دارد، خلأ ادبی و عمیقی را میان زبان عادی و ایده متن که نتیجه آن، شکستن ساختار عادی زبان و شور هیجان در معناست- ایجاد می کند. روش پژوهش توصیفی و تحلیلی با ارائه آمار است.Multilayerity and Suspension of Definite Meaning in Shafi''''i Kadkani''''s Poem )Based on Symbol and Paradox(
literary text has a unique capability. the reason for this is the presence of some of the characters in the text. the present article attempts to analyze the two literary industry of symbols and paradox in shafiee kadkani ''s poetry that they have meaning in permanent deterministic and semantic suspension and also as two literary industries that create a deep gap and gap between ordinary language and rhetorical language. the main question of this research is: how much does the symbol and the paradox contribute to the creation of different semantic layers in our poetry and the contribution of each of these two arrays to create gap and gap between the common and rhetorical poles of language and create a sense of the meaning of the text? the findings and evidence in the text indicate that the symbol element has more important position compared to paradox in fluency and uncertainty, negation and suspension of meaning in shafiee poems and paradox also has novelty, beauty and usefulness in comparison with less frequency symbols. accordingly, shafiee kadkani gets a literary and deep gap between the normal language and the idea of text - that the result of which is the breaking of the normal structure of language and the passion of emotion. the research method is descriptive and analytical. Introduction Literary text has the ability to be multi-layered and interpretable. That''s because of the presence of some images in the text. One of the main elements of poetry that every poem should have without any doubt is imagination, which has also been considered as "part of the essence of poetry and the assessor differentia of poetry" (Shafiee, 2001,p. 94).Of these imaginary elements, groups such as symbol and paradox do not have a single meaning and groups such as sensory descriptions and sensory similes produce a single meaning. In other words, some elements of imagination engage in the deconstruction of text and are deconstructive. Accordingly, deconstruction theory has an important place in literary criticism. Basically, images, depending on their inherent frankness or ambiguity, create a gap between ordinary language and rhetorical language, in which symbolism and paradox are more prominent and produce the most space between text and idea.These two rhetorical images and figures of speech cause a double multilayerity of meanings in the rhetorical system in that they do not accept the fixed and permanent meaning. That''s why any text with these two virtual elements brings a suspension of meaning, multilayerity and interpretability with itself. Accordingly, Shafi''i Kadkani, based on his true understanding of the power of symbol in dynamism and transtemporality, creates a deep literary gap between ordinary language and the idea of the text, which results in breaking the normal structure of language and the passion for emotion in meaning. This article tries to analyze two figures of speech of symbolism and paradox in Shafi''i poetry in terms of their role in permanent, definite suspension and the multilayerity of meaning and also as two figures of speech that create a deep gap between ordinary language and rhetorical language. The main question of this research is: To what extent symbolism and paradox play a role in creating different semantic layers in Shafi''i poetry? And what is the contribution of each of these two figures of speech in creating a gap between the two ordinary and rhetorical poles of language and creating a multi-layered meaning of the text? Findings and evidence in the text show that the symbolic element has a more important place in Shafi''i poems than the paradox in fluidity and uncertainty, concealment and suspension of meaning. And paradoxically, despite the novelty, beauty, and its dramatic usage, it has less frequency than the symbol. Research Methodology This research has been done by descriptive and analytical method and by presenting evidences and figures and drawing diagrams and tables and the theoretical sources of research are based on Shafi''i Kadkani poetry books.Content analysis is a method that can be applied to various types of messages contained in literary works, articles, official documents, etc (Daniel, Rife and Lacy Stephen, 2009, p. 23) or any technique by which the specific characteristics of the message are methodically and accurately identified for scientific inference. Accuracy and objectivity ensure that the analysis is based on specific rules to enable scholars to achieve the same results from research (Taleghani, 1390, p. 95-96). Discussion Rhetorical metaphors such as symbolism and paradox have a profound effect on the emphasis of the text. These two figures of speech, on the one hand, create a halt in the immediate acceptance of the text, and on the other hand, do not accept a single meaning and induce ambiguity and interpretability. These two figures of speech, by disrupting the logic and habit of language and the displacement of meanings and signs, disrupt the normal and semantic system of language and make the concept multi-faceted and multi-layered for the audience. The text itself, with the help of these two rhetorical figures of speech, directs the mind and its structure beyond these meanings and signs and makes it difficult to understand the text instantly and momentarily. This initial ambiguity, which is the result of a deep gap between ordinary language and rhetorical language, provides a basis for thinking so that the reader can go through the initial reading and after reflection and pause in later readings, through the interpretation and ambiguous structure of the text, receive and realize the text, according to his understanding and power of criticism and textualism. Poets, depending on the type of symbolism - innovative, imitative and organic - and the degree of its presence and frequency, paradoxicality, their consensus and accompaniment with emotion, give extra-temporal and transhistorical meaning to their poetry, which plays an important role in fascination and effectiveness of the text. Shafi''i poetry has this approach due to the high presence of symbols, which are generally innovative and new and that his poetry is simple, but participates in several concepts and readings, is due to the presence of these various symbols that deepen the gap between ordinary language and virtual language, and using this feature to create interpretability and multilayerity in the idea of the text. The use of symbolic images in Shafi''i Kadkani''s poetry and thought is a way to express and raise issues and themes that he has not been able to express directly and explicitly, and is a way of entering into issues and expressing the pains that society and the authoritarian atmosphere have not allowed to approach. This approach, which can be clearly seen in all the poet''s books and the world of Shafi''i poetry and thought is full of it, is a burden that the poet, in addition to the literary and artistic richness of his poetry, uses to design religious, mythological, historical, national and ethnic ideas. And Iranians and Muslims have benefited and put them in the service of the language of poetry. It can be said that the symbol has added to the artistic and intellectual richness of Shafi''i poems and has given them a special dynamism and movement. The symbolism in his poetry is not only an artistic and literary technique, but also a necessity that gives the poem unique features such as semantic expansion, interpretability and emotional consensus. These symbols create the feeling of pleasure and the floating of meaning in the reader, and the audience finds a different depth in the text while reading these images. Regarding the presence and quality of the paradox in Shafiee Kadkani''s poem, it can also be said that although Shafi''i paradoxes are beautiful, vivid and innovative, M. Sereshkk''s mind did not take the desired action in carrying out these imaginary forms or at least in terms of quantity, it does not have a high frequency, and if all Shafi''i Kadkani''s poetry books are viewed and examined from this particular perspective, it becomes clear that this figure of speech does not have high power, dynamism and multilayerity in comparison with symbolism and types. Conclusion Symbolism , which is an important and basic element of imaginary forms in Shafi''i Kadkani poems, has had the highest action and consensus with the poet''s emotions and ideas. The artistic presence of this image in Shafi''i Kadkani''s rhetorical apparatus, with the most frequent use, which is the result of Shafi''i''s view of innovative forms of imagination, has not only distorted the logic of ordinary language to make polysemy and multilayerity in his poetry but has provided the greatest experience of textual freedom for interpretability. It can be clearly said that this image has the highest harmony with Shafi''i emotions and the culmination of all the artistic and rhetorical tricks of Shafi''i poetry that has produced scenes, images and emotions that are harmonious and lasting. On the other hand, the presence of a special type of symbolism called the symbolic symbol has given a special characterization and prominence to Shafi''i poems. This particular type of symbol is not only aligned with the emotion of Shafi''i poetry, but is also woven into it, creating spectacular, astonishing and inseparable images in his poetry. Images in which an object (word) is placed as the center of the rhetorical and ordinary center of poetry are intertwined until the end of the poem, and this has led to the creation of pure literature that avoids accepting the final meaning. This image, with its multi-layered meaning and lack of emotional one-dimensionality, has made the poet''s poems historical and transtemporal. Shafi''i symbols are important depending on the gap they create between ordinary language and virtual language, and they interfere with the interpretability of the text. Analyzing the rhetorical element of paradox in Shafi''i Kadkani''s poems, it can be concluded that although he does not use this figure of speech much in drawing and depicting his emotions and thoughts, the examples used in his poetry are all in rhetorical freshness and semantic depth and is a strong evidence to his ability to apply paradoxes. 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