نوشین کریمی

Constructed upon a height (by footing) or breaking in to the ground, in a building, making a close relation between earth and soil is of great importance. In addition, earth as a prior factor in creation of a shade and residence, plays a crucial role in architecture history. Throughout the different area, earth is paid attention differently: as a source of cool (in China), a source of heat (Cappadocia, Turkey), and conversely as an offensive source in Amazon forests. In hot-arid climates, proximity to earth is useful to apply the heat in the buildings. Present study aims to investigate the mentioned factor in Dastkand village located at Kerman province. Mountainous moderate climate, cold and icy winters and moderate summers is of the considerable properties of the studied area. The maximum and minimum temperature was recorded, 42 and -18° C during summer and winter, respectively. Hence, in addition to cultural as well as economic factors, temperature fluctuation played a key role in breaking the buildings in to the ground. So, this study assists to investigate the studied area within natural bed, in plan and section. On this basis, technical methods of earth profiting throughout the studied area have been investigated, in order to profit earth in modern architecture. Results showed a harmony between dominant winds and buildings in winter and summer. Moreover, profiting from high sun shining with special architecture is of Meymand village characteristic. Using breaking in to the ground technique, 26.57 % decrease occurred in cooling need, annually. On the other hand, Day-Degree heating need has reduced to approximately 13.65 % annually solely by earth profiting technique. Overall, results demonstrate a harmony between applied technique and the studied region climate. Besides, there reported a proper isotropy between temperature fluctuation and air aridity throughout the region.

The purpose of this research is to found the impact of built area and occupant number on winter gas consumption in the residential building sector of Iran, Shiraz.Sothe annually and monthly gas consumption data through 19 houses were analyzed to achieve the heating energy consumption and operation month.The average operation months of gas heating consumption were from first of November up to end of April and the average maximum monthly gas consumption of sample houses was in February. On the other hand, the case study houses have different built area from 80 t0 200 m2andoccupant number from 3 to 7 persons.It was concluded that the biggest and busiest houses did not consume the maximum annual gas consumption and so the smallest and low occupant ones about minimum consumption. Therefore, the samples heating consumption was not so related to the built area and occupant number. The occupant culture and behavior was more supposed to be related with energy consumption in residential sector of the city.