خوانشی نو از زنان در جامعه ایران و لبنان بر اساس نظریه گیدنز (بررسی سنّت و مدرنیته در دو رمان أنا أحیا و عادت می کنیم) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
ارتباط ادبیات با جامعه ازجمله موضوعات مورد توجه در پژوهش های ادبی است؛ رابطه دوسویه سنّت و مدرنیته به عنوان یک مسأله اجتماعی در رمان های معاصر بازتاب یافته است و جامعه شناسی ادبیات سعی دارد این رابطه را شرح دهد. با ورود مدرنیته به ایران و کشورهای عربی، تقابلی آشکار بین آن و سنّت های موجود در جامعه به وجود آمد و نویسندگان این تقابل را در آثارشان به تصویر کشیدند. از آنجا که زیرساخت های مشترک و شباهت های فرهنگی عاملی برای تطبیق دو اثر ادبی است، این پژوهش با بررسی دو رمان أنا أحیا نوشته لیلی بعلبکی و عادت می کنیم نوشته زویا پیرزاد سعی دارد نظر آن ها را با تکیه بر نظریه آنتونی گیدنز (در چهار حوزه فرهنگ، اجتماع، اقتصاد و سیاست) نشان دهد. بررسی درون مایه های مشترک این دو رمان نشانگر تقابل و جدال میان باورهای سنّتی و مدرن درباره زنان است و شاخص های سنّتی فرهنگی و اجتماعی بیشتر از عناصر مدرن در این دو رمان دیده می شود. تلاش شخصیت های اصلی زن رمان در تقابل میان باورهای نوگرای خود و سنّت های حاکم بی نتیجه می ماند و بر اساس نظریه ساختار اجتماعی گیدنز که اعتقاد دارد سنّت در مدرن ترین جوامع هم به حیات خود ادامه می دهد، در پایان این سنّت ها هستند که مسیر آن ها را تعیین می کنند و نویسندگان علی رغم گرایش زیاد به مدرنیته و نوگرایی، واقعیت اجتماعی زمانشان را بر شخصیت های اصلی رمان تحمیل می کنند.A New Reading of Women in Iranian and Lebanese Society based on Giddens Theory
The togetherness of literature and society is one of the subjects of interest in literary research. In this respect, social novels, more than any other literary work, can reflect the events and realities of society. The association between tradition and modernity is also reflected in these works as a social issue and the sociology of literature attmepts to explain this relationship. Alongside the arrival of modernity in Iran and the Arab countries, there was an obvious confrontation between it and the existing traditions in the society, and, accordingly, the authors portrayed this confrontation with special delicacy in their works. Since common infrastructures and cultural similarities are the factors for matching the two literary works, this study examines the two novels Ana Ahia by Leila Balabaki and Adat Mikonim by Zoya Pirzad. The authors of these two novels embark on Anthony's theory. Giddens represents a new look in the four areas of culture, society, economics, and politics as a theorist whose views on Eastern societies and women's issues are groundbreaking and reflect on the interaction and interaction of tradition and modernity between the Iranian and Arab societies. Examining the common themes of these two novels reveals the conflict between traditional and modern beliefs about women. Furthermore, traditional, cultural, and social features are being observed more than modern elements in these two novels. The efforts of the main female characters of the novels that reflect the confrontation between their modernist beliefs and the traditions that govern the family and society are in vain.
Introduction :
Dynamisms of the society, thoughts, and social customs are a number of issues that are reflected in the language and literature of societies. The relationship between tradition and modernity is also one of these issues. Zoya Pirzad is a contemporary Iranian novelist who pays much attention to social realities in her works. Adat Mikonim is one of his most prominent works, in which he also talks about the contrast between tradition and modernity. Leila Balabaki is also one of the great Arabic-language novelists who pays attention to social realism in her works and, in her most important work Ana Ahya , she has depicted social realities. It is the challenges that are faced by the contemporary man in the movement of developing societies from tradition to modernity. Since the authors of the novels Ana Ahya and Adat Mikonim are almost contemporary and their societies have gone through the same cultural changes, it is crucial to conduct a comparative research considering the cultural infrastructure of the two Iranian and Arabic Societies. Therefore, the current research tries to investigate tradition and modernity as social phenomena, relying on Giddens' theories and implying a descriptive-analytical method. In this article, the elements of tradition and modernity are categorized into four parts; culture, society, economy, and politics, and some of the examples mentioned in both novels are analyzed according to the mentioned indicators.
Method :
The current research is an attempt to investigate tradition and modernity as the two social phenomena in these two novels, relying on Giddens' theories and using a descriptive-analytical method. Common infrastructures and cultural similarities can be counted as a reason for comparing the two literary works. Besides, since these two authors have given great importance to society in all their works, their novels can be a suitable platform for studying society. Among the different schools of comparative literature, the current research is based on the Eastern European School.
Results and Discussion :
The novels Adat Mikonim and Ana Ahya are both written by women writers whose main concern is women and their related issues, and they have selected the main characters of the novel among the women. Attempt has been made to reflect their efforts for independence, freedom, and gender equality. Due to the many cultural commonalities between the Iranian and Lebanese societies, the traditions governing these societies were examined in the four domains of culture, society, economy, and politics. In the cultural field, the selfishness of some characters in the form of consumerism and luxuries to cover up old thoughts is one of the issues that can be targeted in both novels. In the social arena, the writers are welcoming modernity by rejecting patriarchal culture, women's freedom, equal rights with men, women's managerial role in society, etc. In the economic field, the employment of female characters is a manifestation of their independence. In the political field, it can be declared that the presence of women in politics is one of the signs of modern societies.
Conclusion :
Examining the common themes of these two novels reflects the conflict between traditional and modern beliefs about women, and traditional cultural and social indicators are seen more than modern elements in these two novels. The efforts of the main female characters in the novel that reflect the confrontation between their modernist beliefs and the ruling traditions of the family and society remain fruitless. Furthermore, based on Giddens' theory of social structure, tradition continues to exist even in the most modern societies. Dodhed, holds the idea that it is these traditions that determine their path, and the authors impose the social reality of their time on the main characters of the novel, despite their tendency towards modernity.
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