ارزیابی ترجمه فارسی رمان «موسم الهجرة إلی الشمال» بر اساس الگوی ژان رنه لادمیرال (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
ژان رنه لادمیرال در حوزه نظریه پردازی ترجمه با رویکرد مقصد گرا معتقد است که محدود کردن ترجمه به رمزگردانی ساده نا درست بوده و مترجم باید به تولید معنا و یا آفرینش مجدد بپردازد. این نظریه پرداز راهکار هایی از جمله جابه جایی، ابهام زدایی، افزوده سازی و... ارائه داده است. مقاله حاضر به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی با تکیه بر رویکرد لادمیرال، به بازخوانی ترجمه رضا عامری از رمان «موسم الهجره إلی الشمال» اثر طیب صالح -کاندید جانشینی «نجیب محفوظ»- می پردازد. جستار حاضر نمونه هایی از ترجمه را که طبق مؤلفه های لادمیرال موفق بوده اند، ارائه و توفیقشان را طبق مؤلفه ها تحلیل کرده است. سپس نمونه هایی دیگر را بیان کرده که طبق مؤلفه ها موفق نبوده اند. در پایان، دلایل قوت و ضعف ترجمه عامری بر اساس نظریه لادمیرال نشان داده شده است. نتیجه پژوهش نشان می دهد، مترجم در مباحث «ابهام زدایی»، «افزوده سازی» و «حذف» کاملاَ موافق با مؤلفه های لادمیرال عمل کرده و متنی خوانا و قابل فهم در فرهنگ مقصد ارائه داده است. این در حالی است که در پاره ای از موارد، مانند مباحث «جابه جایی» و«حق انتخاب مترجم»، مؤلفه های الگوی لادمیرال دیده نشده است. در نهایت طبق آمار گرفته شده از 24 نمونه متن طیب صالح، 3 مورد ترجمه، مخالف رویکرد مؤلفه های لادمیرال بوده است.Evaluation Translation of the Novel "Mossem al-Hijrah Ela Al-Shamal" Based on the Ladmiral Teory
Jean-René Ladmiral, in the field of translation theory with a destination-oriented approach, believes that limiting translation to simple encryption is incorrect and the translator should produce meaning or re-create it. This theoretician has provided solutions such as displacement, disambiguation, addition, etc. This essay presents examples of successful translations according to ladmiral's components and analyzes their success according to the components. Then he mentioned other examples that were not successful according to the components and also stated their lack of success. Finally, the reasons for the strength and weakness of Amiri's translation are shown based on Admiral's theory. The result of the research shows that the translator has fully complied with the components of Jean-René Ladmiral in terms of disambiguation and augmentation and has presented a readable and understandable text in the target culture. But in some cases, especially in the examples of displacement and deletion, the translator used the components of the Admiral's model inappropriately and caused damage to the story in the transfer of meaning and rhetoric. Keywords: Translation Evaluation, Ladmiral's Theory, Migration Season to al-Shamal, Tayeb Saleh, Reza Ameri. Introduction In this study, among the literary works translated from Arabic to Persian, an excerpt of the novel entitled: "Season of Migration to the North" by Tayyab Saleh has been selected; because some prominent critics, due to the author's special ability in the field of fiction and novels, have made him to be famous as "Elite of Arab storytelling" and introduced him as the successor of the prominent novelist "Najib Mahfouz" (Molavi, 2010: 1). Reza Ameri; An Iranian translator has been assigned to translate this work. Based on the theory of Jean René Ladmiral, this article deals with the re-analysis of Reza Ameri's translation of the novel entitled: "Season of Migration to the North" to identify and examine the translation approach by evaluating the translator's method. Research Questions According to the solutions provided by Admiral, how did the translator act? Has the translator been able to present a readable and understandable text in the target culture, or has he alienated in the translation? Research Review Due to the significance of the novel entitled: "Season of Migration to the North", several works have been published in the review of its literary facets and have put emphasis on this novel in terms of story elements and post-colonial content. However, no research has been yet conducted in the field of criticism of the Persian translation of this work. The Persian translation of this work has been reviewed for the first time in Iran. Since this study evaluates the translation with Ladmiral's and Berman's approach, the researches related to this approach to the mentioned novel. The article entitled: "Research of Abdul Latif Tsoji's translation of the fundamental story of One Thousand and One Nights" based on the approach of JeanRené Ladmiral" (2015), written by Shahram Delshad, Seyyed Mehdi Masbouq, and Salahuddin Abdi. This article attempted to criticize Tasouji translation of the story "One Thousand and One Nights" based on Admiral' applied theory and evaluate the translator's performance in the context of the source text. The authors in this article accepted the principle as the most proper method for translating the book: "One Thousand and One Nights" is a goal-oriented and free method, and considered the Admiral's theory to be the most compatible with this principle. The article "Confrontational examination of the process of elimination or entropy in Persian translations of One Thousand and One Nights" (2015), written by Shahram Delshad. The article evaluated the elimination component, which is one of the components of the Admiral's model, in three categories of expression of love states, translation of Islamic Arabic poems, and signs in Persian translations of "Alif Laila and Laila". This study examined the Persian translations of the work only by analyzing the elimination theorem in three different aspects. The article "Evaluation of the translation process of Nahj al-Balagheh words based on Admiral's theory" (2016), written by Ali Sayadani and Siamak Asgharpour, examined various methods of interaction with Nahj al-Balaghah lexicons in translation, and also evaluated Ali Shirvani's performance in translating Nahj al-Balaghah concepts. The findings of the study showed that based on Admiral's components, the translator's approach is destination-oriented in some parts of the translation and origin-oriented in another part, and despite adhering to the vocabulary of the source language, he has also focused on conveying the textual message. The article "Criticism of the novel: Seasons of Migration to the North, based on the components of the modern novel" (2019), written by Ali Akbar Nursaideh and Parviz Jahanshahlou, analyzed the components of modernism such as lyricism, passing of time, different viewpoints, blending of reality with imagination, etc. The findings indicate that the components of poetry and time-lapse are among the most prominent indicators of modernism in this novel and are more prominent than the other components. Of course, this is due to the specific content and context of the novel. A study entitled: "Analytical study of the novel: Season of Migration to the North" by Tayyeb Saleh and its translations from Arabic to English by Donis Johnson Defis" (2017), written by Abdul Hamid Alili was defended at the University of Algiers, in which the author analyzed the English translation of the novel, and is mostly seeking the answer to whether it is possible to get help from literal translation to the literary translation, or not. Institutionalizing coherent theories such as Admiral's theory in the translation of literary texts leads to higher coherence of the translation. Its application in a wider sense is the main purpose of this study and also it is the main difference between the present study and the other mentioned researches. Research Methodology The propose study deals with the descriptive-analytical method and through library tools, aims to to re-analyze Reza Ameri's translation of the novel "Migration Season to the North" by Tayeb Saleh, relying on Jean René Ladmiral’s approach. Accordingly; some instances of translations aligned with Admiral's components have been presented and their success has been analyzed and reviewed according to the components, and the other instances which were not successful accordingly are mentioned, as well. Finally, the reasons for the strength and weakness of Ameri’s translation are presented based on Admiral's theory. Conclusion To sum up, the translator has looked for localization by putting emphasis upon destination orientation, and despite adhering to the vocabulary of the source language; has also focused on conveying the concept and textual message. The result of the study reveals that the translator has completely agreed with Admiral's components in some concepts such as "disambiguation", "adjunction", and "redundancy" and has provided a readable and understandable text in the target culture. However, under some tops such as "displacement" and "the translator’ freedom of choice", sometimes the components of the Admiral's approach have not been seen and it has caused damage to the story in the meaning and rhetoric transfer. Finally, according to the statistics taken from the 24 samples of Tayeb Saleh's text, 3 of the translations were no in line with Admiral's approach of components.