واکاوی تطبیقی نگاشت عناصر سازه ای قلمرو ملموس «شیء گم شده» بر عناصر سازه ای حوزه ناملموس «عشق» در اشعار سعدی یوسف و احمد شاملو (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
سعدی یوسف و احمد شاملو از بزرگترین شاعران دوران معاصر هستند که با به کارگیری ابزار استعاره مفهومی، مفاهیم مجرّدی همچون عشق را در قالبی قابل لمس و درک به مخاطبان شعر خویش عرضه داشته اند. واکاوی شناختی استعاره مفهومی در اشعار اینان، تنها شیوه ای برای فهم مفاهیم انتزاعی ای مانند عشق در چارچوب مفهومی مادّی به نام «شیء گم شده» نیست؛ بلکه روشی برای نقب زدن به لایه های زیرین مفهوم انتزاعی عشق و فهم عمیق تر آن نیز است. انعکاس تصویر غیرمحسوس عشق در آئینه محسوس «شیء گم شده»، مخاطب را در درک هرچه ساده تر و محسوس تر این مفهوم پیچیده و غیرمحسوس یاری می کند. پژوهش حاضر با شیوه ای استقرایی و به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و با رویکرد تطبیقی مکتب آمریکایی، به بررسی نحوه سازماندهی خلّاقانه مفهوم عشق به عنوان قلمرو مقصد در قالبِ تجربی «شیء گم شده» به عنوان قلمرو مبدأ می پردازد؛ ضمن اینکه به ترسیم نگاشت این نام نگاشت نیز به صورت کمّی و در قالب نمودار همّت می گمارد. مهم ترین نتایج کاربردی پژوهش حاضر این است که با شناسایی تناظرهای نظام مند بین مفهوم انتزاعی عشق و مفهوم مادّی «شیء گم شده»، علاوه بر اثبات انسجام متنی و نشان دادن پیوند اندام وار سازه ای، در بُعد اجتماعی نیز وجه مفقود بودن این مفهوم زندگی ساز برجسته شده و مخاطرات دنیای بدون عشق، گوشزد می شود؛ امری که مخاطبان را به اهمیّت حضور این مفهوم در دل زندگی آگاه می کند و باعث می شود به صورت فردی و جمعی به جست وجو و بازنشانی مفهوم عشق در دل زندگی بپردازند.A comparative analysis of mapping the structural elements of "lost object" to the structural elements of "love" in the poems of Saadi Yusuf and Ahmed Shamlou.
Saadi Yusuf and Ahmed Shamlou are among the greatest poets of the present century who have presented intangible concepts such as love in a tangible form to the audience of their poetry by using conceptual metaphor. The cognitive study of conceptual metaphor in the poems of these two poets is not the only way to understand abstract concepts such as love in a material conceptual framework called "lost object"; It is also a way to understand the abstract concept of love more deeply. The reflection of the intangible image of love in the tangible mirror of the "lost object" helps the audience to understand this complex and intangible concept in a simpler and more tangible way. This research investigates the creative organization of the concept of love as the destination realm in the empirical form of "lost object" as the origin realm with an inductive and descriptive-analytical method and with the comparative approach of the American school. In addition, it also deals with the mapping of this name mapping quantitatively and in the form of a diagram. The results of the present research are that by identifying the systematic correspondences between the intangible concept of love and the tangible concept of "lost object", in addition to proving the textual coherence and showing the structural link, the missing aspect of this basic and life-creating concept is highlighted in the social dimension and the dangers of a world without love are reminded. learned and bring it back into life.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
By proposing cognitive metaphor, cognitive semanticists introduced a new plan in the definition of metaphor. In this approach, the range of metaphor reached from the level of language to mental concepts and the view of metaphor changed from a rhetorical-decorative tool to an essential part of human thinking and one of its fundamental dimensions. In the traditional view, metaphor belonged to the realm of unconventional and poetic language and had nothing to do with the language of thought. But in the light of cognitive research, this historical and essential distinction was removed and metaphor became an essential part of everyday language and thought. In the modern approach, metaphor is not merely "a tool for poetic imagery and a kind of literary arrangement, but the main essence of metaphor is the experience and understanding of one thing through another" (Likaf and Johnson, 1980: 3). Today, in cognitive linguistics studies, conceptual metaphor is a quantitative and accurate tool for analyzing texts and tunneling to the underlying layers of the text. Conceptual metaphor is the organization and understanding of an intangible domain in the form of a tangible realm.
In the poems of Saadi Yusuf and Ahmad Shamlou, macro and abstract concepts such as "life", "death" and "love" can be understood with the help of conceptual metaphor. Drawing these non-material concepts in a material and understandable format creates an interwoven network of conceptual metaphors and imposes a specific discourse on the structure of the text and finally causes the audience's thought system and his/her individual and social behavior to be on the right track. Special guidance. In the present research, the conceptual metaphor of love based on the comparative American school in the poems of Saadi Yusuf and Ahmed Shamlou has been investigated. The upcoming research aims to examine the focal metaphor "time is the enemy" based on the conceptual metaphor theory of Likaf and Johnson in the poems of Saadi Yusuf and Ahmed Shamlou and answer the following questions:
- What are the realms of origin and destination in the nomenclature "Love is a lost object"?
- In the discussed name mapping, how is the mapping of the concepts of the origin territory on the concepts of the destination territory?
- What are the systematic correspondences between the concepts of origin and destination in the naming of "Love is a lost object"?
Research methodology
The current research, with an inductive method and a descriptive-analytical method and with the comparative approach of the American school, examines the creative organization of the concept of love as the destination territory in the experimental form of "lost object" as the origin territory; In addition, he tries to draw the mapping of this name mapping quantitatively and in the form of a diagram.
Discussion
In Yusuf's poems, the multiple use of the verb "discuss" as well as verbs derived from the subject "waste" and "lack" for the concept of love prove the fact that the search for love is one of the poet's most central concerns. He is a freedom-loving poet, "among other prominent themes in his poetry, themes such as death, city, village, homeland, Palestine, struggle and freedom can be mentioned" (Al Tomeh, 2002: 229). Logically, the shortest way to reach the door of freedom is undoubtedly to pass through the path of love and empathy and throw away grudges and draw a line on separations; But the time of the poet's life is a time alien to love and devoid of it. Because sadness is so dominant that there is no room for happiness and love and picking up the guitar, which is one of the instruments of the tarb" (Najafi and Bahri, 1401: 13). Using the metaphor "love is a lost object" makes sense in the heart of such an atmosphere; To put it more clearly, this metaphor symbolizes a time devoid of love with the utmost clarity. In Saadi Yusuf's poems, verbs signifying the search, in the form of expressions such as "Taraqar een habibitek", "Bakhtarat her", "Sof I am looking for you", "I am not looking for faces", "You were looking for me". "Deja al-Hab fi al-Safkeh, when the lead leads" have found an external appearance. "Did you come to look for your beloved who is lost between Al Madain?" (Youssef, 2014, vol. 1: 181). The most important practical results of the current research is that by identifying systematic correspondences between the abstract concept of love and the material concept of "lost object", in addition to proving the textual coherence and showing the structural link, the missing aspect of this life-giving concept has been highlighted in the social dimension and the dangers A world without love, it is pointed out; This makes the audience aware of the importance of the presence of this concept in the heart of life and causes them to individually and collectively search and reset the concept of love in the heart of life.
Conclusion
The organization of love in the form of "lost object" creates an important name-mapping with the title "Love is a lost object". The conceptual metaphor "love is a lost object" is considered a structural metaphor in which the "lost object" which is a tangible structure is considered the origin domain and "love" which is an intangible concept is considered the destination domain. The structuring of the abstract concept of love through the objective concept of "lost object" has an undeniable contribution to the understanding of this complex abstract concept. Among the most important concepts related to the field of "lost object" and its components, we can include such things as "searcher", "searcher", "searched object", "searched place", "reason for loss", " He pointed out the reason for insisting on searching" and "the result of searching".
In the conceptual metaphor "love is a lost object", a set of systematic correspondences between the structural elements of the origin and destination domains is established as follows: the searcher corresponds to the poet and his contemporaries. The searcher corresponds to love and its related. The search location corresponds to the geography of the two poets' lives. The reason for the loss corresponds to the material reasons for the loss of an object; Reasons such as the fate of time and political-social reasons. The reason for insisting on searching corresponds to the material reasons for insisting on finding a material object, reasons such as the saving property of love. The search result corresponds to the search results of a material object that oscillates between the two states of "found" and "not found".
A careful analysis of the conceptual metaphor "Love is a lost object" will lead to a clear understanding of the quantity and quality of the abstract concept of love. Saadi Yusuf and Ahmed Shamlou's integrated, intelligent and systematic depictions of the simple concept of love in the form of "lost object", in addition to facilitating the process of perception in understanding one of the most abstract concepts of existence, in a sociological and pathological analysis, the roots of this loss were discovered, the consequences of Its absence is revealed and the audience is invited to search for love and use the benefits of its presence, emergence and emergence in personal and social fields; A love that can change if found and established
It creates a fundamental change in the foundations of individual and social life and causes a new plan to be created.
The reasons for searching for love go back to the life conditions of these two poets; A time when, from their point of view, love has been marginalized and it is very difficult to find and understand it. On the other hand, these two poets do not know an alternative to the saving alchemy of love, and this fact has led them to organize the immaterial concept of love in the form of a "lost object". A conceptual metaphor that highlights the latent aspect and the necessity of love, and points to the absence of love from the life time of these two poets; Absence that makes the search necessary.
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