تحلیل فلسفی رومانتیسیسم آلمانی در آیینه فلسفه قاره ای معاصر (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
طرح اساسی نوشتارِ حاضر بر مبنای مسأله چگونگی نسبت رومانتیسیسم فلسفی با فلسفه روشنگری و ضد روشنگری از یک سو و نحوه تاثیرگذاری کلیدواژگان و تعابیر اندیشه ای این جنبش بر فلسفه قاره ای معاصر، پی ریزی شده است. فرض بر این است که رومانتیسیسم فلسفی کوشش می کند تا با ایجاد سنتزی میان فلسفه روشنگری و جنبش های ضدِ روشنگری به تعادلی میان اومانیسم و خردگرایی مدرن با ارزش های سنتی و ضد مدرن دست یابد. این در حالی است که کلیدِ مهم این سنتز رومانتیک را باید در نگرشِ خاصِ رومانتیسیسم به فلسفه زیبایی شناسی و هنر جستجو کرد. در پیگیری مقصودِ مذکور، ضمن بررسی تبارشناسانه و تاریخی، نسبتِ تعابیِر کلیدی و مهّمِ سنّتِ رومانتیسیسم آلمانی با فلسفه قاره ای معاصر، مورد واکاوی قرار خواهد گرفت: علم گرایی پوزیتیویستی افراطی و مشیِ ضدِ فلسفی آن که برآمده از عقلانیت ابزاری است؛ همچنین رویکردهای شبه فلسفی و شبه علمی پست مدرنیسم در نسبت با احساسی گری رُمانتیک.Philosophical analysis of German Romanticism in the mirror of contemporary continental philosophy
IntroductionIn the present day, we are faced with the dominance of various and plural and sometimes contradictory discourses, which is famous for the post-modern era, and this relative dominance seems to be trans-valued and trans-ethical, after the weakening and falsification of any rational, scientific, traditional and discursive criteria in the explanation. The criteria of correctness and truth are summarized in the pseudo-proposition "every opinion is respectable and worthy of value". Therefore, it is necessary to understand our times better by returning to the beginning of the modern era and analyzing the discourses and values of that era. According to the author's belief, it is indispensable to deal with the romanticism movement as one of the influential and revolutionary discourses that emerged simultaneously with the development of modernity in the West. In this article, an attempt is made to examine and analyze the movement of German romanticism from a philosophical point of view. Historically, the tradition of Romanticism was strongly highlighted by German thinkers in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Although traces of the ideas of this intellectual tradition can be found in Britain and France, it was in Germany that the artillery of romanticism was equipped with intellectual-philosophical tools as much as possible and, according to Isaiah Berlin, led to a revolutionary change in the history of Western thought. Specifically, the opinions of two important philosophers of this era, namely the peak of enlightenment, Immanuel Kant and the spirit of storm and drang, Gottfried Herder, are of great importance in the romanticism movement. It should be noted that although the philosophy of German Romanticism is influenced by what Isaiah Berlin calls anti-Enlightenment thought, but considering the influence that this tradition has received from the aspects of Enlightenment thought, as Friedrich Beiser believes, it cannot be completely anti- Enlightenment summed up. From this point of view, considering the deep relationship that exists between contemporary philosophies, especially the so-called continental philosophy with the philosophy of romanticism and specifically the Athenaeum circle, here an attempt is made to give a general outline of this relationship, both in the final summary of each It should be drawn from the middle parts of the writing and in an independent part under the title of the legacy of romanticism in contemporary philosophy. MethodologyIn order to carry out this research work, we will use Berlin's and Beiser's works, specifically their works about romanticism, in order to explain Their ideas clearly. Therefore, we have attempted to critique and evaluate their views by utilizing descriptive-analytic methods, relying on commentators' views, and utilizing authentic sources and documents. Discussion and ConclusionRomanticism's attempt to create a synthesis between the Enlightenment movement and the storm and drang movement in the field of philosophy, aesthetics, ethics and politics is worthy of consideration. But too much emphasis on modern anti-rationalist ideas, in certain circumstances, leads to the collapse of order, ethics and political order. Although the ideas of romanticism in the individual sphere can moderate the problems of modern life, it is necessary to reconsider the application of these ideas in the collective sphere.
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