بررسی منشأ زائوم ها در غزلیات شمس با تکیه بر آرای کارل گوستاو یونگ (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در مطالعه و بررسی غزلیات شمس با ابیاتی مواجه می شویم که موسیقیایی، امّا فاقد معنایی خاص هستند. عبارات این ابیات که در برخی از پژوهش ها، با نگرشی فرمالیستی، زائوم یا فراخرد نامیده شده اند، بحث ها و چالش های فراوانی در میان پژوهشگران برانگیخته اند. دریافت پاسخ این پرسش که منشأ روان شناختی سرایش چنین ابیاتی چیست و ریشه در چه رویدادهایی در زندگی مولانا دارد، یکی از مباحثِ دارای اهمیّت و ضرورت ویژه است. در پژوهش پیش رو با رویکرد تحلیلی توصیفی و با تکیه بر منابع کتابخانه ای و به ویژه با بهره گیری از اندیشه های روان شناختی کارل گوستاو یونگ به بررسی این ابیات خواهیم پرداخت. بدنه اصلی مقاله را بررسی روان شناسانه ابیاتی از مولانا تشکیل می دهد که می تواند مصداقی از زائوم باشد. برآیند این پژوهش، کشف پیوند تنگاتنگی است که در میانه این زائوم ها با نمود کهن الگوی دیونیسوسی وجود دارد و از رویدادهای تراژیک زندگی مولانا سرچشمه می گیرد؛ رویدادهایی که بر شکل گیری اشعار فاقد معنا امّا موسیقیایی غزلیات شمس، تأثیر مستقیم گذاشته است. بر این اساس، ابیات زائوم گونه مولانا، ریشه در ضمیر ناخوداگاه جمعی شاعر دارد و حاصل تجلی کهن الگوی دیونیسوسی وی در پی رویدادی تراژیک، یعنی دوری دفعی از شمس تبریزی است.Analyzing the origin of Zaum in the book of Shams based on the theory of Carl Gustav Jung
In the study of Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi, we encounter examples that have music, but they have no meaning. These examples, which some formalists call "za'um", have raised many controversies and challenges among scholars. One of the key issues is to understand the question of what the genealogy is and how it is based on what events occur in Rumi's life. In a leading research with a descriptive analytical approach, we will examine these issues by relying on Karl Jung's psychological thoughts. The main body of the paper is the psycho-psychological study of poetry from Rumi, which can be an example of za'um. The result of this study is the discovery of a close link that comes with the archetype of Dionysus in the midst of these verses and comes from the tragic events of Rumi's life. The events that have influenced the poems without meaning and musical in Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi. Based on this, these verses of Rumi are rooted in the collective unconscious of the poet and the result of the manifestation of his archetypal Dionysian model. This manifestation took place after a tragic event.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
In Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi, the poem of Maulana, there are some Ghazals which have music without any specific meaning. Maulana composed most of these Ghazals to express his his sorrows distance from Shams-i Tabrizi; Therefore, in order to exame these poems, it is necessary to pay attention to the events of the poet's life. A tragic event leads Rumi to compose these poems.
With such an attitude, Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi should be considered as the result of a tragic event. Generally, tragic events have special impact on the poetry; Nietzsche has considered these effects from a philosophical point of view; while, Jung considered them from a psychological point of view.
In this article, some parts of Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi, written by Rumi are examined which despite being musical, have no meaning; Some researchers have called these poems Zaum. In this study, we provide some evidence to prove that Rumi' defamiliarization is not his main goal of Zaum. By the influence of the collective unconscious mind and the Dionysus archetype, Rumi wrote Zaum subconsciously; In these poems, the archetype of Dionysus challenges the order of classical poetry after a tragic event.
Research Method
In this research, with an analytical-descriptive method and using library sources, we examine the way of composing Zaum in Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi, the Rumi's poem. In order to achieve this goal, the researchers first provide a general explanation about Zaum, and then by focusing on the thought of Jung and Nietzsche, they examine Rumi's poems.
Discussion
The archetype of Dionysus manifests itself through deviance, music, illusion and joy. This archetype shows itself after a tragic event. In Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi, the Rumi's poem, this archetype also shows show itself with its deviation from the norm, music, a kind of illusion and euphoria. In fact, the verses in Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi are the result of a tragic event in Rumi's life.
Although, Divan-i Shams does not explicitly narrate this tragic event in Rumi's life, but certainly it is the result of a tragic event in Rumi's life, the loss of Shams-i Tabrizi. Based on the scientific definition, tragedy is a branch of drama that treats in a serious and dignified style the sorrowful or terrible events encountered or caused by two individuals are faced in front of each other because of the fate.
This is exactly what happened to Rumi and Shams-i Tabrizi; As a scientific and religious figure, Rumi faces a serious challenge in dealing with the maniacal character of Shams; Then it is influenced by Shams. Finally, after painful events, Rumi loses Shams. In his sorrows distance, the tragic event of the loss of Shams Tabrizi, causes Maulana to compose Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi; Therefore, the sonnets of this divan are the result of a tragic event, and it is natural to see the archetypes of Dionysus in some parts of it; something that some researchers have called it Zaum.
Conclusion
Some Ghazals in Divan-i Shams, written by Maulana, have strong music without any specific meaning. Researchers have called these verses Zaum. Rumi did not pay attention to the form of the poem; Therefore, Zaum is rooted in the poet's collective unconscious mind. These verses, which are unorthodox, musical, eerie and euphoric, have all the characteristics of the Dionysus archetype. According to Nietzsche's point of view, there is a connection between the archetype of Dionysus and tragedy. In Diwan-i Shams, Maulana's poem, you do not see an obvious tragic narrative, but the lyrics of this Diwan are the result of tragic events; Therefore, it is natural to see the Dionysian archetype in the form of Zaum verses.
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