اثربخشی روان درمانی مثبت نگر بر خودکارآمدی اجتماعی، کنترل عواطف و سرزندگی ذهنی در نوجوانان بزهکار (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین اثربخشی روان درمانی مثبت نگر بر خودکارآمدی اجتماعی، کنترل عواطف و سرزندگی ذهنی در نوجوانان بزهکار انجام شد. روش پژوهش نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون - پس آزمون با پیگیری و گروه کنترل بود. نمونه پژوهش شامل 30 نوجوان بزهکار 16 تا 20 سال کانون اصلاح و تربیت شهر نکا بود که به روش نمونه گیری هدفمند، انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و گواه جایگزین شدند. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه خودکارآمدی اجتماعی نوجوانان، مقیاس کنترل عواطف و مقیاس سرزندگی ذهنی نوجوانان بود. برنامه روان درمانی مثبت نگر به صورت هفتگی طی 8 جلسه دو ساعته به گروه آزمایشی، آموزش داده شد. پس از پایان جلسات، پس آزمون و 3 ماه بعد از آن پیگیری اجرا شد. نتایج تحلیل واریانس با اندازه گیری مکرر نشان دادند برنامه روان درمان گری مثبت نگر بر خودکارآمدی اجتماعی، کنترل عواطف و سرزندگی ذهنی نوجوانان بزهکار مؤثر بوده است و این تأثیر تا مرحله پیگیری ادامه داشت. درمجموع، نتایج حاکی از آن است که برنامه روان درمانگری مثبت نگر در افزایش خودکارآمدی اجتماعی، کنترل عواطف و سرزندگی ذهنی نوجوانان بزهکار اثربخش است و این برنامه را می توان در جهت ارتقای کاهش رفتارهای بزهکارانه در نوجوانان استفاده کرد.The Effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy on Social Self-Efficacy, Affects Control and Mental Vitality in Delinquent Adolescents
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on social self-efficacy, affect control and mental vitality in delinquent adolescents. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with follow-up and control group. The sample consisted of 30 juvenile delinquents aged 16 to 20 years in Neka Correctional Center who were selected by Purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research instruments included Adolescents 'Social Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Emotion Control Scale, and Adolescents' Mental Vitality Scale. Positive psychotherapy program was taught weekly to the experimental group in 8 two-hour sessions. At the end of the sessions, post-test and follow-up were performed 3 months later. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that a positive psychotherapy program was effective on social self-efficacy, emotion control and mental vitality of delinquent adolescents and this effect continued until the follow-up stage. Overall, the results indicate that the positive psychotherapy program can be effective in increasing social self-efficacy, affects control and mental vitality of delinquent teenagers, and this program can be used to promote the reduction of delinquent behaviors in adolescents.IntroductionDelinquency is a major problem in many societies. It is accompanied by many injuries to the individual, family and social dimensions. In fact, research shows that adolescent delinquency is due to the shortcomings of the educational system, psychological problems, weakness in interpersonal relationships, low mental health and delinquency in adolescents (Cheng & Cheng, 2015). Social self -efficacy, on the other hand, reinforces supportive relationships in positive social contexts, and young people who evaluate their efficient social relationships as positive and higher experience less disability (Bakker et al., 2012). Studying emotional control in delinquent people is important because many of their problems are due to being unable to control emotions since they have not learned self -control skills. Also, inability to control emotion affects many aspects of their lives (Tahmasbian et al., 2014).Positive interventions increase positive emotions, positive thoughts and behavior as well as love and belonging, happiness and psychological well-being (Alavi & Ameli, 2018; Archer et al., 2017). In fact, the positive approach can challenge the adolescent's view, and especially their behavioral and negative habits in the field of delinquency, and reduce their tendency to delinquency by presenting a new perspective. Accordingly, given the lack of theoretical research on the impact of positive therapy on reducing delinquency issues and increasing positive and effective perspective on adolescents, the main issue of the present study was whether positive psychotherapy influences social self-efficacy, affect control and mental viability among the criminal adolescents.MethodStatistical and Sample Society Research Method: This study was a quasi-experimental research and was within the framework of pre-test-post-test designs with two-month follow-up and control group. The statistical population of the study included all the offenders of 16 to 20 years of the Neka City Correction and Education Center. To do this study, after coordinating with the authorities of the Neka City Reform Center, 30 teens were selected by and placed in two groups of 15, including experimental and control groups. Prior to implementing the positive psychotherapy program, both the experimental and control groups responded to adolescent social self -efficacy questionnaires, emotional control and mental vitality. The experimental group received eight 120-minute sessions of positive psychotherapy program (one session per week) as a group of correction and the control group was on the waiting list for training. In the next step, the test was executed on both groups and after the months the questionnaire was re-implemented. ResultThe participants of the study were 30 delinquent boys who were replaced in two groups of 15 -person and control. The average and standard deviation of the teens was 17.96 and 1.24 for the experimental group and 17.41 and 1.8 for the control group. The value of the Shapiro-Wilk test for the three variables of social self-efficacy, emotion control and mental vitality was higher than 0.05, and the observed difference between the normal distribution of the sample group and the normal distribution in the society is equal to zero. The results of the M-box test to check the equality of the covariance matrix of the dependent variables in two groups showed that the covariance matrix of the dependent variables in the two groups is equal. In this research, the results of Mauchly sphericity test for the assumption of the equality of covariances with the total covariance for all variables were valid. Also, the results of variance analysis with repeated measurements are presented in Table 1. Table 1 Results of Analysis of Variance with Repeated Measurement of Experimental and Control Groups in the Research Stages SourceSSdfMSFPEtaOP Social self -efficacyTime821/482410/7425/440/0010/3800/84Group647/751647/7512/450/0210/2100/81Time * Group461/062230/5346/340/0010/4100/92 Affects controlTime387/352193/6731/840/0010/4390/91Group356/601356/6044/100/0100/1340/87Time * Group164/71282/3618/090/0010/3780/90 Mental vitalityTime246/862123/4355/130/0010/4500/89Group203/261203/2666/800/0170/1100/91Time * Group85/20243/1022/780/0010/5100/94 The results in Table 1 show that the effects of the group on the variables of social self -efficacy, affects control and mental vitality were significant; Therefore, there was a significant difference between the average scores between the two experimental and control groups. The impact of time on all variables of social self-efficacy was meaningful, affects control and mental vitality; Therefore, regardless of the group, there was a significant difference between the mean scores in the three stages stated. The interactive effect between time and group was also significant for all variables of social self -efficacy, affects control and mental vitality; Therefore, the mean difference of variables scores at different times varies depending on the variable levels of the group. DiscussionThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on social self-efficacy, affects control and mental vitality in criminal adolescents. The results of the study indicated that positive psychotherapy intervention was effective in enhancing social self -efficacy, affects control and vitality. In explaining this conclusion, it can be said that positive psychotherapy not only by reduced negative syndrome but also effectively and directly changed vulnerability to social self-efficacy by creating positive affect of the capabilities of character and meaning (Lannie, 2019). Also in positive treatment sessions, there were positive exercises for pleasure, commitment, meaning and life, self-value their strengths, enjoyment of activities, appreciation, having a good day and active and constructive responses, and providing positive services. It seems that these exercises appear to have increased the positive affect of the delinquent adolescents and reduced negative affect, making adolescents a more positive relationship with other people, which is the result of their affects control (Alavi & Ameli, 2018). In addition, positive psychotherapy by teaching daring, in the sense that the person behaves as much as possible based on his or her true beliefs and emotions, helps to increase one's self -esteem by creating a sense of independence in the individual. Also, the emphasis of positive psychotherapy on the positive aspects of life enhances the positive and constructive performance of the individual in life and increases their sense of construction and ultimately, their vitality (Haewon, 2017). In general, it can be said that the positive psychotherapy program is an effective and efficient program in the field of promoting social self-efficacy, controlling affects and vitality of people. The limitations of this research included the research of delinquent teenagers of Neka City Correctional Center, which should be followed with caution in generalizing the results of this study. For this purpose, it is suggested that this program be widely used in correctional and education center centers across the country for the psychological safety of teenagers. Ethical ConsiderationCompliance with Ethical GuidelinesThe participants participated in the current research after signing written consent from and all the rights of the participants to participate in the research have been respected.Authors’ Contributions The first author participated in writing, ideas, background collecting and editing. The second author participated in data analysis and interpretation of results.Conflict of InterestConducting this research has not resulted in any conflict of interest for the authors and its results have been reported in a completely transparent and unbiased manner. FundingThe current research was done without any financial support from any particular organization. AcknowledgmentThe authors have the utmost appreciation of all the participants of this research as well as the Neka City Reform Center. *. Corresponding author
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