جستاری کمّی و کیفی در مقالات روانشناسی شعر نظامی (1394- 1300ش) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در آثار نظامی گنجوی، شاعر بلندآوازه سده ششم هجری، به روان شناسی شخصیّت های داستان ها توجّه ویژه شده است. جستار حاضر بر اساس منابع کتابخانه ای و روش توصیف، تحلیل و مقایسه، به این پرسش ها پاسخ داده که از1300تا1394(ش.)بسامد مقالات نظامی پژوهی روان شناسی چه روندی را طی کرده، پژوهشگران به کدام آثار نظامی بیش تر اقبال کرده اند و چرا و کدام حوزه های روان شناسی بیش تر مورد توجّه بوده و چرا؟ یافته ها نشان می دهد هرچه زمان پیش می رود، اقبال محقّقان به نقد روان شناسی آثار نظامی افزونتر شده است؛ هفت پیکر بیش از سایر آثار وی نقد شده که حاکی از عملکرد عامدانه یا غیرعامدانه نظامی در توجّه دادن مخاطبان به خصوصیّات روانی شخصیّتهای هفت پیکر است و آرای یونگ بیش از سایر نظریّات به کار رفته که به دلیل تناسب بیشتر این روش برای پژوهش در منظومه های نظامی است. گاهی نویسندگان شبه روان شناسی هایی را به عنوان تحلیل روان شناسانه آثار نظامی مطرح کرده اند که فاقد ارزش پژوهشی است.A Quantitative-qualitative investigation in psychological articles on Nezāmi's Poetry (1921-2015)
This article explains the differences between various works of Ganjavi in terms of their suitability for psychological critique and investigates the employment of diverse psychological theories to critique Nezāmi’s works qualitatively and quantitatively. It is a library study and employs descriptive- comparative analysis method. 32 articles are examined based on analysis of each of Nezāmi’ works and the psychological aspects of them are examined in four areas: Lacan-Freud's theories, Jung-Campbell's hypotheses, general psychology, and psychology of colors. As time goes on, the investigators' interest in criticizing the psychology of Nezāmi’s poetry increased. Haft Peykar has been criticized more than other works psychologically, which indicates the intentional or unintentional Nezāmi’s attitude towar the psychological characteristics of the story characters. Of the four mentioned areas of psychology scholars have used Jung's theories far more than other approaches, which may be due to the greater appropriateness of this method for studying Nezāmi’s poetry. Nezāmi in his Haft Peykar provides the most suitable ground for psychological studies, and Jung's theories provide the most appropriate method for the psychological critique of Nezāmi's works. In some cases, the authors have suggested pseudo-psychology as a psychological analysis of Hakim Ganjavi's works that has no research value.
Extended
1-Introduction
Due to Nezāmi superiority in poetry, many scholars have explored his work, and these studies have taken different approaches. One of these approaches is to search for the works of Nezāmi Ganjeh from a psychological point of view. This approach is one of the methods of literary criticism that has been seriously discussed since the early nineteenth century and is a subset of expressive criticism that studies the relationship between literary work and specific spiritual and emotional characteristics of the author. In this method, the character of the author is sometimes referred to for explaining and interpreting the literary work; Sometimes they refer to his works to understand the author's biography and personality, and sometimes they interpret his literary work to clarify the author's special mentality and awareness. (Abrams, 2008: 355) This is the same method as in the twentieth century was called psychological critique, and yet, from a practical point of view, it can be said that psychological critique is not a new method and has been practiced even since the time of Aristotle. (Green et al., 2004: 128) The purpose of this research is to study the process of authoring articles on Nezāmi’s psychological aspects over time and to determine the most appropriate works of him for psychological research and the most appropriate psychological theories to critique the works of this poet. This research opens a new door to scholars of Hakim's works and introduces literature students to the psychological value of Ganjavi's works.
2-Research methodology
In this paper, the required data is obtained through the study of library resources and then this data will be analyzed by description and comparison. The research path has started with the review of 1150 studies on Nezāmi-concerned articles published from 1921 to 2015. The next step is to separate the 32 articles that deal with Nezāmi's works from a psychological point of view. Then, these articles have been reviewed in three study processes: frequency in terms of publication time, study of the frequency of articles in terms of specific Nezāmi’s poems that have been considered by researchers interested in psychology, and frequency of articles in terms of areas of psychology that has been used to critique Nezāmi’s works, and the reasons for each of these phenomena have been examined in order.
3-Discussion
In the discussion of the growth of Nezāmi-psychological research articles in the period of the study based on full investigation, all 1150 articles were carefully reviewed and it was found that among them only 32 articles have a psychological approach to closet research. In the next stage, considering the date of publication of each of them, it was determined that as we move from the beginning (1921) to date, more articles are devoted to the psychological critique of Nezāmi's works. In addition, we should note that according to the data of literature review, other researchers, while studying 560 articles on Nezāmi published from 1921 to 2001, have encountered only 5 articles on psychology. (Norouzi, 2012: 96) Therefore, the truth of the matter mentioned above indicates that the trend of publishing such researches is increasing from 1921 to 2015. In studying the various works of Nezāmi, including poetry collection, Khamseh generalities, Makhzan al-Asrar, Khosrow and Shirin, Lily and Majnoon, Iskandarnameh and Haft Peykar in terms of appropriateness for psychological criticism, it is observed that the relative frequency distribution of these studies is not homogeneous. What is more, some of Nezāmi's works have attracted the attention of critics interested in psychological theories more than others. On the other hand, during the study of different fields of psychological knowledge for the study of the works of the sage, it is also found that Jung and Lacan's views are not used in the same way and as each other. These phenomena are due to the fundamental relevance of some theories of literary criticism for some texts and their incompatibility for others.
4-Conclusion
From the review of 1150 articles on sage research published between 1921 to 2015, We found that 32 articles have a psychological approach. These researches have formed the textual body of the present paper. Findings show that as time goes on, the researchers' interest in the psychological critique of Nezāmi's works has increased. This luck is not the same for his various works, including Divan, Koliyat Khamseh, Khosrow and Shirin, Lily and Majnoon, Haft Peykar and Iskandarnameh. Haft Peykar alone accounts for more than half of the studies, and Nezāmi's other works have a much smaller share. This phenomenon can be rooted in the strategies of this poet; In other words, he has intentionally or unintentionally created the ground for the audience to think more seriously about the psychological characteristics of the Haft Peykar characters. On the other hand, different theories of psychology have not been used homogeneously to critique the works of the sage. Dividing the theoretical basis of these studies into four groups, it becomes clear that Jung's views have been used much more by scholars of Nezāmi's works than Lacanian-Freudian theories, general psychology and color psychology. This phenomenon may indicate a greater relevance of Jung's theories to the critique of the works of the sage. Sometimes in these essays, psychological theories are more decorative and do not contribute to the development of discussions or do not provide a model for future research, and on the other hand, sometimes pseudo-psychologies called psychological critique of Nezāmi's works are observed. This cases suggest that those articles are not based on a theory (or theories) known with specific tools and goals, but are in fact material based on the author's personal and non-argumentative perceptions of different personality traits of characters.
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