تأملی بر فرهنگ و اخلاق کار ایرانیان در عصر صفویه (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در عصر صفوی و بخصوص در دوران سلطنت شاه عباس اول مجموعه ای از اقدامات و اصلاحات نهادی سبب تحول عظیمی در امر تجارت گردید و شکوفایی تجاری و اقتصادی کوتاه مدتی را موجب گردید. در واقع انسان ایرانی پس از سالیان متمادی دوره ای از رونق و شکوفایی اقتصادی را هر چند کوتاه تجربه نمود. اما این شکوفایی دولت مستعجل بود و اصلاحات اقتصادی این دوره به انباشت بلند مدت سرمایه و رشد پایدار اقتصادی منجر نشد. در این خصوص دیدگاههای مختلفی در جهت تبیین آن ارائه شده است که اغلب با توجه به استیلا و وابستگی به تئوری های کلان، بر عوامل ساختاری چون استبداد و استبدادزدگی جامعه ایرانی به عنوان مانعی در جهت رشد پایدار اقتصادی در این دوره تأکید نموده اند. لذا توجه چندانی به به کنشگر و فاعل انسانی و فرهنگ و نگرش های حاکم بر اذهان او نشده است. لذا در این پژوهش سعی شده است با روش تاریخی و تکنیک تحلیل محتوای عرفی منابع دوره صفویه، به بررسی فرهنگ و اخلاق کار ایرانیان در عصر صفوی به عنوان تبیینی بر عدم استمرار رشد پایدار اقتصادی در این دوره پرداخته شود. در کل تحلیل داده های مربوط به این عصر نشان می دهد که محتوای فرهنگ و اخلاق کار ایرانیان در این دوره به گونه ای بوده است که نه تنها اصلاحات نهادی و رونق اقتصادی کوتاه مدت عصر صفوی را پشتیبانی نمی کرده، بلکه به عنوان مانع و رادعی در مقابل این رونق اقتصادی عمل کرده است.A contemplation on the cultural and work ethic of Iranians in the Safavid era
Introduction: The concern and question of underdevelopment or less developed of Iranian society has always occupied the minds of many Iranian researcher and thinkers. In response to this question of the underdevelopment of Iranian society, the majority of analyses have focused on structural and macro-scale political and economic problem, and they have emphasized factors such as the internal tyranny of Iranian society and the domination of political over the economic sphere, or the dominance of certain from production methods in Iranian society or official institution and social classes. But the point that has been ignored in these researchers is the attention and investigation of human subject and their role in underdevelopment situation of the historical society of Iran. In fact, in these analyses, the attitudes and approaches of Iranian people in facing economic activities, in general and the attitude towards work, in particular, have not been addressed. This concern leads us to concept of work ethics. Work ethics have been defined as an attitudinal structure and set of work-related values, in such a way that when a person has a high work ethics, work becomes the center and basis of his life, and it attaches intrinsic value to hard work, self –reliance, effective use of time, delaying immediate pleasures, and moral principles and values in work. In general, although structural and macro-scale analyses have explanatory power to some extent for the issue of Iran, s underdevelopment, they are insufficient and one-dimensional. Therefore, paying to the work ethic and the way of Iranian encounter with work, from the perspective of the micro level of analysis, is a response to the underdevelopment and less developed of the Iranian society. Throughout the history of Iran, at time, we have faced with conditions that put us on the threshold of development and beginning of an economic boom. One of these historical situations appeared in the Safavid period. In the Safavid era and especially during the time of Shah Abbas I, a series of reforms and institutional measures caused a huge change in trade and Iranian people of this era also experienced prosperity, economic boom and to some extent, a level of welfare. But this economic prosperity was short-term and did not last long and did not lead to sustainable economic growth. Considering the dominance of macro analysis over the analysis of Iran's historical underdevelopment, this research has analyzed the work ethics of Iranians in the Safavid era with a micro-level approach and attention to human subjects, and has tried to answer this question with this approach. Why, despite the creation of infrastructure and economic reforms, sustainable economic prosperity was not possible.
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