مقایسۀ اثربخشی درمان پذیرش و تعهد وجودنگر و درمان شفقت محور بر سرمایه روان شناختی و شفقت به خود (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه اثربخشی درمان پذیرش و تعهد وجودنگر با درمان شفقت محور بر سرمایه روان-شناختی و شفقت به خود دختران نوجوان افسرده انجام شد. روش پژوهش، نیمه آزمایشی در سه مرحله پیش-آزمون، پس آزمون و پیگیری بود. در این مطالعه تعداد 45 دختر نوجوان 15 تا 19 سال از طریق نمونه گیری هدفمند انتخاب و به طور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل (هر گروه 15 نفر) جایدهی شدند. سپس گروه های آزمایش تحت ده جلسه درمان پذیرش و تعهد وجودنگر و درمان شفقت محور قرار گرفتند و گروه کنترل هیچ درمانی دریافت نکرد. هر سه گروه قبل، بعد و یک ماه پس از مداخله با پرسشنامه های سرمایه روان شناختی و شفقت به خود ارزیابی شدند. داده ها از طریق تحلیل کواریانس چندمتغیره تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد در مرحله پس-آزمون، گروه های درمان پذیرش و تعهد وجودنگر و درمان شفقت محور نسبت به گروه کنترل در افزایش سرمایه روان شناختی تفاوت معناداری داشتند . البته در مرحله پیگیری تنها درمان پذیرش و تعهد وجودنگر نسبت به گروه کنترل تفاوت معناداری داشت. درباره متغیر شفقت به خود، هر دو درمان در هر دو مرحله پس آزمون و پیگیری با گروه کنترل تفاوت معناداری داشتند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد تفاوت بین دو درمان، تنها در متغیر شفقت به خود در مرحله پس آزمون، معنادار بود. براساس یافته ها، هر دو درمان گزینه های مناسبی برای افزایش سرمایه روان شناختی و شفقت به خود در دختران نوجوان افسرده می باشند.Differential Effects of Existentialism Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Compassion-Focused Therapy on Psychological Capital and Self-Compassion
The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy on psychological capital and self-compassion of depressed adolescent girls. The study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design. In the study, 45 depressed adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years were selected through purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (15 people in each group). Then experimental groups were treated with existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy for 10 sessions. Each group was assessed before, after, and one month after the interventions with the Psychological Capital Questionnaire and the Self-Compassion Scale. The data were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that in the post-test stage, the groups of existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy were significantly different from the control group in terms of their psychological capital. However, in the follow-up phase, only the existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy was significantly different from the control group. In regards to self-compassion, both therapies were significantly different in both post-test and follow-up stages from the control group. The results showed that the difference between the two therapies was significant only in the self-compassion variable in the post-test stage. According to the findings, both existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy are suitable options for increasing psychological capital and self-compassion in depressed adolescent girls. Adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood, and this transition is associated with physical and psychological injuries, including depression (Mridha et al., 2021). Depression has a destructive effect on the abilities, performance, relationships, and other areas of adolescents' lives (Sarizadeh & Akbari, 2021), and its prevalence is high in adolescents and twice as high in girls as in boys (Michelini et al., 2021). On the other hand, depression is related to the lack of positive resources and there is strong evidence that the reduction of positive resources is involved in lack of attention, lack of interest, lack of self-confidence, and sadness. Psychological capital and self-compassion are among these psychological resources. It should be noted that mood disorders, in addition to high prevalence rates, have high recurrence rates (Hallis et al., 2017) and at best, two-thirds of depressed people do not respond to treatment during cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) (Dunn & Roberts, 2016). This has caused the integration of treatments to become particularly important in the discussion of mood disorders (Hallis et al., 2017). One of the recently proposed integrations is the integration of acceptance and commitment therapy with existential therapy (García et al., 2010; Hussein, 2020; Lee, 2017; Rainer & Gay, 2013; Ramsey-Wade, 2015; Wilms, 2016). In this study, these two therapies were combined and existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy was created, and then it was compared with compassion-focused therapy. Research evidence related to the comparison of the effectiveness of existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy in different clinical groups on psychological capital and self-compassion was not available. Method The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design. The statistical population included all adolescent girls with depressive disorder in the third education district of Isfahan, Iran in the winter of 2020-2021. A number of 254 girls expressed their willingness to participate in the research during a call in secondary girls' schools. After the initial screening, 199 people were diagnosed with depression, and 45 of them were selected through purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (15 people in each group). Kotcher's 11-question adolescent depression questionnaire was used for initial screening. Also, to measure psychological capital and self-compassion, the psychological capital questionnaire by Nguyen and colleagues (2012) and the self-compassion scale by Raes et al. (2011) were used. The collected data were analyzed through multivariate covariance analysis and Bonferroni's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05. Results The chi-square test showed that the groups were similar in terms of demographic variables with each other. The assumptions of the fitting model of multivariate analysis of covariance were checked. The results of the Shapiro-Wilk test showed the normality of the data distribution. Also, the results of Levene's test showed the equality of error variance and the pre-test interaction with the group also showed the equality of the slope of the regression line. In post-test stage, the Box's M test result for the homogeneity of variance hypothesis was significant ( Box's M test=2.78, F=0.43, p=0.0.858 ). To determine the effect of the group on the variables of psychological capital and self-compassion in the post-test, the results of Pillais trace ( F (4,80) =7.91 , p= 0.001), Wilks lambda ( F ( 4,78) =9.35 , p= 0.001) and Hotelling's trace effect ( F (4,76) =10.79 , p= 0.001) showed that there is a significant difference between at least two of the three research groups and in one of the variables. In like manner, in follow-up stage, the Box's M test result for the homogeneity of variance hypothesis was significant ( Box's M test= 8.27 , F= 1.28, p= 0.26). To determine the effect of the group on the variables of psychological capital and self-compassion in the post-test, the results of Pillais trace ( F (4,80) =6.37 , p= 0.001), Wilks lambda ( F ( 4,78) =7.02 , p= 0.001) and Hotelling's trace effect ( F (4,76) =7.65, p=0.001 ) showed that there was a significant difference between at least two of the three research groups and in one of the variables. In the post-test stage after the control of the pre-test, the results of covariance analysis show that in the group membership factor in the psychological capital variable ( F=5.043, p= 0.011) and in the self-compassion variable ( F= 19.603, p =0.001), there was a significant difference between the three groups. In addition, in the follow-up stage, there was a significant difference between the three groups in the psychological capital variable ( F= 4.6 , p =0.016) and in the self-compassion variable ( F =12.899 , p =0.001). Also, in order to investigate the paired comparison of the research groups in the variables of psychological capital and self-compassion in the post-test and follow-up stage, the Bonferroni post hoc test was performed. The results showed that in the post-test stage, there was a significant difference in psychological capital between the compassion-focused therapy ( p =0.033) and the existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy ( p= 0.022) groups with the control group. However, this difference existed in the follow-up stage only for the existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy ( p =0.015). Regarding the self-compassion variable, there was a significant difference in the post-test stage between the compassion-focused therapy group ( p =0.001) and the existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy group ( p=0.002 ) with the control group. This significant difference remained stable in the follow-up stage, both in the compassion-focused therapy ( p =0.001) and in the existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy ( p= 0.003) compared to the control group. Also, the results showed that the difference between the two therapies was significant only for self-compassion in the post-test stage. In the sense that the compassion-focused therapy was more effective on self-compassion than the existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy group in the post-test phase. This effectiveness did not continue until the follow-up stage. Conclusion This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy with compassion-focused therapy for increasing psychological capital and self-compassion of depressed adolescent girls. In this study, it was found that both therapies had an effect on increasing psychological capital and self-compassion. These findings are in line with the research results of Eskandari et al.(2021), Aynbeygi et al. (2020), and Jorjorzadeh et al. (2021) and are inconsistent only with the research of Ahmedpour Dizji et al.(2017).In explaining the results, it can be stated that existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy through awareness of death, committed action, and direct behavioral involvement in determining the important goals of the clients, increases flexibility and recognizes the psychological content of clients, and reduces efforts to change and accepting the ability to move in the direction of values. This therapy also improves the psychological performance and increases psychological capital by influencing hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism. On the other hand, this therapy increases self-compassion through the cooperation of the therapist and client to express the client's experiences and enhances the client's awareness of their life situations as well as helping the client to accept limitations, potential, and living conditions. Ethical Consideration Compliance with Ethical Guidelines: This the ethical code. IR.IAU.KHUISF.REC.1399.202 Authors’ Contributions: The current article has been extracted from Ms. Zahra Mohammadi's Ph.D. dissertation at the Department of Psychology of Isfahan branch of Islamic Azad University, supervised by Dr. Seyed Hamid Atashpour, and consulted by Dr. Mohsen Golparvar. All authors discussed the results, and reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest for this study. Funding: This study was conducted with no financial support.
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