تأثیر آموزش گروهی مثبت نگری بر بهزیستی روانی و رضایت زناشویی زنان (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
این پژهش با هدف تعیین اثربخشی آموزش گروهی مثبت نگری بر رضایت زناشویی و بهزیستی روانی در زنان متأهل بسیجی شهرستان آران و بیدگل انجام شد. روش پژوهش، نیمه آزمایشی از نوع طرح پیش آزمون - پس آزمون و پیگیری سه ماهه با گروه گواه بود. تعداد 28 زن متأهل به روش نمونه گیری دردسترس، انتخاب و به صورت گمارش تصادفی در دو گروه 14نفری آزمایش و 14 نفری کنترل قرار گرفتند. ابزار اندازه گیری، پرسشنامه های رضایت زناشویی و بهزیستی روانشناختی بود. آموزش گروهی مثبت نگری برای گروه آزمایش در 8 جلسه یک ساعته به اجرا گذاشته شد و در پایان مداخلات آموزشی و بعد از سه ماه در مرحله پیگیری، هر دو گروه مجدداً با پرسشنامه های پژوهش ارزیابی شدند. داده ها ازطریق تحلیل کواریانس تک متغیره تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان دادند آموزش مثبت نگری بر نمرات رضایت زناشویی زنان متأهل تأثیر مثبت داشته و این تأثیر در مرحله پیگیری نیز پایدار مانده است؛ اما آموزش مثبت نگری بر نمرات بهزیستی روانی زنان متأهل تأثیر نداشته است؛ بنابراین، پیشنهاد می شود درمانگران در مراکز مشاوره ازدواج، از این برنامه آموزشی برای بهبود رضایت زناشویی مراجعان بهره ببرند.The Effect of Positive Group training on Psychological Well-Being and Marital Satisfaction in Women
This study aimed to determine the positive group training on marital satisfaction and psychological well-being in Basiji Married Women of Aran and Bidgol. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. Twenty-eight married women were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control groups (N = 14). The participants were tested for their marital satisfaction and psychological well-being. Group's positive training was conducted for the experimental group in 8 one-hour sessions. Moreover, both groups received the same scales at the end of the intervention. The multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance showed that positive training positively affected the marital satisfaction means of married women; however, it did not affect the psychological well-being. Therefore, it is suggested that therapists in marriage counseling centers use this training program to improve clients' psychological well-being and marital satisfaction. Introduction * Marital satisfaction is an individual experience in marriage that people evaluate according to the level of joy and happiness in married life (Yarigarroosh, et al., 2019). Psychological well-being involves positive thoughts and feelings that people value in their lives (Kubzansky, et al., 2018). On the other hand, positive psychology interventions are a potential new approach for increasing the structures of positive psychology in psychology so that positive psychological structures (such as optimism and the impact of positive emotions) seem to be associated with different health outcomes (Amonoo, et al., 2019). In fact, positive thinking skills help people control and change negative or incorrect thoughts better, and the main goal of this treatment is to get the best results even in the worst conditions (Mazloumi Baram Sabz, et al., 2019). Given that little research has been done on the effectiveness of positivism on marital satisfaction and the psychological well-being of married women in Iran, this study was conducted to address this gap and determine the effectiveness of group positivism training on marital satisfaction and psychological well-being in married Basiji women in Aran and Bidgol. The research aims to answer whether a group's positivism training affects women’s marital satisfaction and psychological well-being. Also, the hypotheses of this study were: 1. Positive training affects the marital satisfaction of Basij married women in the post-test. 2. Positive training affects the psychological well-being of Basij married women in the post-test. 3. Positive training affects the marital satisfaction of the Basij married women in follow-up. 4. Positive training affects the psychological well-being of the Basij married women in the follow-up. Method This study used a quasi-experimental research method, pre-test - post-test design, and a quarterly follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all married women having files in the Basij bases of Aran and Bidgol in the spring of 2019. Out of 1,500 people in the population, 28 were selected via availability sampling method. The inclusion criteria were being married, being female, education Level of at least fifth elementary and voluntarily participate in the study and the exclusion criteria included mental disorders based on the diagnosis of a psychiatrist, failure to perform the relevant tasks and absence of more than three sessions of the training sessions. The participants were randomly placed in two control (N = 14) and experimental (N = 14) groups. The instruments were Hudson, Harrison, and Croscope’s (1981) marital satisfaction and Ryff’s (1989) psychological well-being questionnaires. The psychological well-being questionnaire had 18 items and six factors, scored based on a Likert scale of 5 points, from strongly disagree to strongly agreed. The Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire is a 25-item tool designed to measure the extent, severity, or extent of marital problems in a married relationship. The subject's response to each test item is determined at the level of a seven Likert-point scale between 0 and 6. Positive group training was performed for the experimental group in the eight one-hour sessions. Research questionnaires reevaluated both groups at the end of the interventions and after three months in the follow-up stage. The results were analyzed using SPSS 22 software and a univariate analysis of covariance. Results The mean age of the experimental and the control group was 41 and 43 years, respectively. The mean age of marriage in the experimental and control group was 20.28 and 18.07 years, respectively. The highest frequency of education level related to the diploma class (46.4%). The diploma accounted for a higher percentage (60.7%) of their husbands. 27 out of 28 women in the total population participating in the study were homemakers. Therefore, it concluded that the two groups were not significantly different regarding age, education level, and their husbands’ education level According to the results obtained in the post-test stage ( Box's M = 1.17, F = 0.36, p =0.78>0.05) and in the follow-up stage ( Box's M = 1.56, F =0.47, p =0.69>0.05) and the results of Levine's test with statistical value for marital satisfaction with ( F (1,26) = 0.22, p = 0.59 >0.05), psychological well-being with ( F (1,26 ) = 0.006), p = 0.95>0.05, the presuppositions of covariance analysis were met.. The results showed that positive training in the experimental group showed more marital satisfaction than in the control group ( F ₍ 1,1 ₎ =7.72 ,p =0.010<0.05). However, post-test results were not significant for psychological well-being ( F ₍ 1,1 ₎ = 2.89 , p =0.10>0.05). Therefore, the results showed that positive training did not affect psychological well-being. With positive training in the follow-up stage, the experimental group showed more marital satisfaction than the control group. Moreover, the results were not significant for the psychological well-being variable in the follow-up stage. The mean of marital satisfaction in the experimental group in the post-test stage did not change compared to the follow-up stage, which indicated that the results in the follow-up stage did not return and the effect of the intervention was stable. However, the mean of psychological well-being in the experimental group changed in the post-test stage compared to the follow-up stage, indicating that the intervention's effect on mental well-being was not stable. Conclusion Positive means having optimistic attitudes, thoughts, behaviors, and actions in life. Paying attention to the positive affairs of life, not dealing with the negative aspects, and positive thinking means having a good self-image and not always blaming ourselves. Therefore, people can focus on the positive aspects of life to increase positive thinking and avoid negative thoughts. Thus, marital problems cannot disappoint them so that they can solve the problems and improve their relationships through positive thinking. This can lead to calmness and higher marital satisfaction. Regarding the ineffectiveness of positive training on psychological well-being, it can be concluded that psychological well-being includes positive feelings and a sense of general satisfaction with life, including oneself and others in the various areas of family, work, and the like. Naturally, a short-term training program might not have been sufficient to change the broad, diverse domains of the psychological welfare structure. However, based on the research findings, it is suggested that this intervention be performed on the couple simultaneously to determine whether the intervention has more positive effects on them. It is also suggested that therapists use this training program to improve the marital satisfaction of the clients in the counseling centers and other institutions providing psychological services. Ethical Consideration Compliance with Ethical Guidelines: All ethical issues like informed consent and confidentiality of participants’ identifications were compiled based on ethical committee of University of Islamic Azad Badrood Authors’ Contributions: All authors contributed to the study. The first author written the first draft of the manuscript. The second author edited the manuscript Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Funding: This study was conducted with no financial support. Acknowledgment: The authors would like to thank all of the participants in the study *. Corresponding author
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