بررسی و تحلیل برخی از دیدگاه های زبانی امام بخش صهبایی با تکیه بر شرح سه نثر ظهوری (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
اثر هنری دیگرگونه نگریستن است و این نگرش هنری در کارکردهای زبانی آشکار می گردد. بهره گیری از عناصر زبانی نیز، نشانگر نگرش هنری هنرمند است؛ به این معنا که نویسنده با به کارگیری زبان هنری اثرش را فصیح و بلیغ و تأثیرگذار می گرداند. در پژوهش پیشِ رو به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی سعی کرده ایم به خوانش عناصر تازه کتاب «شرح سه نثر ظهوری» که نماینده نقد زبان شناسی نوظهور قرن نوزدهم میلادی در شبه قاره است بپردازیم؛ عناصر تازه ای چون اختلاف لغات براساس اختلاف مصوت و صامت، بدل البدل نوع تازه ای از ابدال، توافق اللسانین در مبحث لغت. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، کشف و معرفی این عناصر تازه زبانی است که در حوزه زبان شناسی دوره صهبایی مطرح بوده است. دستاوردها گویای این است که شارح به خوبی توانسته در شرح اثر، ارتباط بین سه عنصر اساسی پدیدآورنده، متن و مخاطب را حفظ و موازین علمی زبان شناسی را که هنوز در حال تکوین بوده، رعایت کند. همچنین او به خوبی توانسته است مسائل زبانی دوره خود را، طبق اصول و موازین علمی روزگار در آثار خود پی بگیرد. بازخوانی علمی آرای زبانی صهبایی و معاصرانش می تواند برای مخاطب در ادراک آثار ادبی این دوره، شعرشناسی، نثرپژوهی و در نتیجه، غنابخشی به ظرفیت های نقد زبانی مؤثر افتد.Investigation and analysis of some linguistic views of Imam Bakhsh Sehabai's: A Focus on Sharh-i-Se Nathr-i-Zuhuri
A work of art is a different way of looking, and this artistic attitude is manifested in linguistic functions. The use of linguistic elements also reflects the artistic attitude of the artist; In the sense that the author makes his work eloquent, eloquent fluent and effective by using artistic language. In the present descriptive-analytical research, we have tried to read the new elements of the book "Sharh-i-Se Nathr-i-Zuhuri ", which represents the critique of the emerging linguistics of the nineteenth century in the subcontinent. New elements such as the difference of words based on the difference of vowel and consonant , substitution of the substitute, the agreement of the people in the subject of vocabulary. The main purpose of this research is to discover and introduce these new linguistic elements that have been discussed in the field of linguistics of the Sahbai period. The achievements show that the commentator was able to maintain the connection between the three basic elements of the author, the text and the audience in the description of the work and to observe the scientific standards of linguistics that were still developing. He was also well able to follow the linguistic issues of his period, according to the scientific principles and standards of his time in his works Scientific re-reading of the linguistic views of Sahbai and his contemporaries can be effective for the audience in understanding the literary works of this period, poetry, prose research and, as a result, enriching the capacities of linguistic criticism.
1. Introduction:
Sharh Seh Nasr Zohouri is one of the most important works of Imam Bakhsh Sahbaiie in the field of Sharh Artistic texts, in the subcontinent. It has a special place in the field of linguistics, rhetoric and literary criticism. The purpose of writing this book was to answer the the scientific needs of the subcontinent's educational society of the 18th century. In this work, the commentary with the adoption of a scientific method commensurate with its nature and with the consideration of the type of text and the level of the audience in explaining new linguistic issues that were being developed in that age.
2. Theoretical framework
Many of the linguistic discussions that later took place in the western part of the world and became known as linguistics, have come in the books and dictionaries of the Persian language and some of the commentaries on the prose and poetry of the writers of this period. Among the main issues that have been discussed and explained in these works are categorizations of Persian language, number of alphabetic elements, pronunciation and movement of letters, place of articulation and attributes of the letters, the difference between “Dal” and “Zal”, and different dialects of Farsi and Persianization. One of the other interesting and thought provoking things in all these works is the debates and arguments of Iranian literary immigrants to India and scholars of language and critics with Indian scholars who have been studying Persian and investigating texts of Persian poetry and prose.
The discussion of the similarity of languages among critics of the subcontinent, especially Sahbaei, is more closely related to Saussure's statements. According to Ferdinando de Saussure, in his book Course in General Linguistics , linguists believe in the existence of Indo-European, Semitic, and Bantu language families. The languages associated with these families can be compared to each other and in some cases they reveal much broader and older kinships.
Seraj Aldin Ali Khan Arzu, scientifically, introduced this issue of the similarity of languages and other substitution of the substitute in his Muthmir treatise, and the more practical form of these linguistic theories became more apparent in Sahaba'i's commentaries. In the West, too, linguists such as William Jones paid attention to these linguistic issues of the subcontinent writers, to these lexical commonalities, and to the similarity of the Persian and Indian languages, and formed their scientific arguments accordingly.
"Substitution of the substitute" is a new topic in the linguistics of that period, the roots of which can be found in Arabic syntax. An exchange is a type of exchange in which a word is turned into a word once and it is transformed into another word. Arzu calls this case "substitution of the substitute ". Sahbai, through exploring the "Se Nathr-i-Zuhuri ", based on his accumulations from Khan Arezoo and Arabic syntax, has found examples of exchange and has studied and explained etymology of these examples.
3. Methodology
To find the answers to the questions of this paper, descriptively-analytically, we have examined the evidence in "Sharh-i-Se Nathr-i-Zuhuri ".
4. Results & Discussion
- Sahaba'i, in the discussion of similarity of languages, in contrast to Khan Arzu, has considered the etymology of words, and besides their pronunciation and meanings.
- substitution of the substitute is a new topic in linguistics, it’s root can be found in Arabic syntax.
5 .Conclusions & Suggestions
- After Khan Arzu, Sahaba'i was one of the most important and influential figures in development of linguistics in the subcontinent, who was able to study literary works, based on his grace and taste.
- The practical aspect of Arzu House's linguistic theory is more visible in Sahbaei 's explanations.
- Sahaba'i, in description of the trilogy, has paid special attention to explaining the words, so that he has shown the similarity and homogeneity between Sanskrit and Persian, Arabic and Hindi languages in the form of language agreement and exchange. These are the distinguishing elements of this description in comparison to other explanations.
Select Bibliography
Arzu of Akbar Abadi, S. 1991. Muthmir, with the introduction and correction of Reyhaneh Khatun, a pre-verification of Abol al-Sadiqi , Pakistan. [in Persian]
Rampouri, Najm al-Ghani Khan Sahib, 1919. Nahjoladab , Lucknow, Nawal Kishore. [in Persian]
Shafiei Kadkani, M.R. 2006. poetry in the influx of critics of literary criticism , Tehran, Soroush. [in Persian]
Sahaba'i Dehlavi Molavi, Imam Bakhsh, 1906. Sharh-i-Se Nathr-i-Zuhuri , Lucknow, Nawal Kishore. [in Persiahn]
Sahaba'i Dehlavi Molavi, Imam Bakhsh 1978. Kulliyati-i-sahbai , First Volume, collected: Secretary of Dindialy Kanpur, Niẓāmī Publications. [in Persian]
Fotouhi Rudmajani, M. 2006. Fantasy Criticism: A Study of Indian Literary Criticism Perspectives , Tehran: Sokhan Publications. [in Persian]
Mojtabaei, F. 2019. Hindi syntax and Arabic syntax, Tehran: Karnameh Publications. [in Persian]
Hashemi, M. 1996. Evolution of Persian Prose on the Subcontinent in the Late Timurid, Islamabad: Iran and Pakistan’s Research Center for Persian Language. [in Persian]
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