نقش ذهن آگاهی بر اضطراب کرونا با میانجی گری شفقت به خود (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
شیوع کرونا ویروس، محدودیت های به وجودآمده، تعطیلی مراکز آموزشی، ناشناخته بودن و ابهامات شناختی این ویروس و نرخ مرگ ومیر ناشی از آن، اضطراب بالایی را به افراد وارد می کند. این پژوهش با هدف ارائه مدلی برای رابطه بین ذهن آگاهی و اضطراب کرونا با میانجی گری شفقت به خود و تعیین برازش مدل براساس داده های تجربی انجام شد. روش پژوهش حاضر، توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بود. 380 نفر از دانشجویان مقطع کارشناسی دانشگاه یزد (193 دختر و 187 پسر) با روش نمونه گیری دردسترس انتخاب شدند. شرکت کنندگان به پرسشنامه های ذهن آگاهی، شفقت به خود و اضطراب کرونا به صورت آنلاین پاسخ دادند. تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از روش مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان دادند مدل مفروض با داده های تجربی برازش دارد؛ ذهن آگاهی به طور مستقیم بر اضطراب کرونا اثر معنی دار داشت. همچنین، اثر مستقیم شفقت به خود بر اضطراب کرونا معنی دار بود. افزون بر این، ذهن آگاهی به طور غیرمستقیم و ازطریق متغیر میانجی شفقت به خود بر اضطراب کرونا تأثیر داشت.The Role of Mindfulness on Corona Anxiety through Mediation Self-Compassion
The prevalence of coronavirus, the restrictions imposed, the closure of educational institutions, the unknown and cognitive ambiguities of this virus, and the resulting mortality rate caused high anxiety in individuals. This study aimed to provide a model for the relationship between mindfulness and corona anxiety mediated by self-compassion and to determine the model's fit based on experimental data. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational. Three hundred and eighty undergraduate students of Yazd University (193 girls and 187 boys) were selected via available sampling method. The participants answered to the online questionnaires. They included Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Corona Anxiety. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed the hypothetical model fitted the experimental data. Mindfulness had a significant direct effect on corona anxiety. Also, the direct effect of self-compassion on corona anxiety was significant. In addition, mindfulness indirectly affected corona anxiety through the mediating variable of self-compassion Introduction * Anxiety is one of the most important effects of the coronavirus epidemic. Corona anxiety is the anxiety caused by being infected with the coronavirus, often due to anonymity and ambiguity (Alipour et al., 2020). Its consequences can lead to significant psychological stress. In addition, it may adversely affect students' learning and mental health (AlRabiaah et al., 2020). Given the prevalence of corona heart disease, fear of disease, and fear of death along with the disturbance of daily activities, attention to psychological variables in dealing with corona anxiety is essential. Therefore, self-compassion can be associated with corona anxiety as one of the psychological factors (Chitsazi et al., 2021). Self-compassion allows people to have a broad perspective on their problems, to consider life challenges and personal failures as part of their lives, to relate more to others in times of suffering instead of feeling isolated, and to be aware of thoughts, emotions, and feelings instead of repression, judgment, and avoidance. These factors help people to be more open-minded, have a greater ability to change appropriate cognitions and behavioral responses, and use more effective coping strategies. As such, maladaptive emotional states such as anxiety, depression, and stress are reduced, and emotional well-being is improved (Kashdan & Ciarrochi, 2013). Another potentially influential factor in corona anxiety is mindfulness. Mindfulness is a way to live a better life, relieve pain, enrich, and make life meaningful (Siegel, 2010). Instead of reacting impulsively or habitually, mindful people, while realistically processing events, perceive internal and external realities without distortion (Hofmeyer et al, 2020), receive and process events that are less disturbing and have a greater ability to deal with They have a wide range of thoughts, emotions and experiences (Heidari et al, 2018). According to the results of studies, high levels of mindfulness can be associated with lower levels of anxiety and stress (Elliot et al., 2018; Hanley, 2016). It is important to pay attention to corona anxiety and psychological variables related to it due to various factors such as the prevalence of the disease, the restrictions imposed, the closure of educational institutions, and the concern about the effects of the virus on the future of students. According to the results of studies by Behan (2020) and Belen (2021), increasing mindfulness skills can significantly reduce corona anxiety. Moreover, given the effect of mindfulness in promoting self-compassion (Sakeni et al., 2020; Shahsia et al., 2021) and the negative and significant relationship between self-compassion and corona anxiety (Chitsazi et al., 2021; Nguyen & Le, 2021) and lack of a coherent and integrated model of the relationships of these variables, the present study sought to test whether mindfulness was related to corona anxiety through the mediation of self-compassion. To this end, the following hypotheses were posited. 1: Mindfulness directly predicts corona anxiety. 2: Mindfulness indirectly predicts corona anxiety through self-compassion. Method The study adopted a descriptive-correlational design. It examined the relationships between the research variables as a model. Mindfulness was the exogenous variable, self-compassion was the mediator variable, and corona anxiety served as the endogenous variable. The statistical population of this study included all undergraduate students studying at Yazd University in the academic year 2020-2021 (N =10436). Krejcie and Morgan's table was used to determine the number of participants in the sample group. Accordingly, 380 students (193 girls and 187 boys) were selected by the available sampling method. Due to the conditions caused by the coronavirus outbreak and the absence of students in the university, the study was conducted online and through social networks (WhatsApp and Telegram). To observe ethical considerations, students were given the necessary assurance that the information was confidential and that their details would not be disclosed. The participants completed the Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer et al., 2006), Self-Compassion (Nef, 2003), and Corona Anxiety (Alipour et al., 2020). The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling using SPSS and AMOS software version 23. Results Descriptive indicators and matrix of correlation coefficients of research variables are presented in Table 1. Table 1. Descriptive indicators and matrix of correlation coefficients of research variables Row Variable Kurtosis Skewness Mean Standard deviation 1 2 3 1 Corona anxiety -0.06 0.92 18.78 12.65 1 2 Mindfulness 0.29 -0.50 120.64 24.33 -0.59 1 3 Self-compassion -0.41 -0.09 76.99 18.92 -0.56 0.59 1 As Table 1 shows, there is a significant correlation between all research variables at the level of 0.05. Table 2 shows the results of the bootstrap test to measure the direct, indirect and total effects. As it can be seen in the following table, mindfulness had a significant direct effect on corona anxiety. Also, the direct effect of self-compassion on corona anxiety was significant. In addition, mindfulness indirectly related to corona's anxiety through self-compassion. Table 2. Bootstrap test results to measure direct, indirect and total effects Path Direct effect Indirect effect Total effect Mindfulness on corona anxiety -0.45*** -0.24** -.067** Mindfulness on self-compassion 0.59** - 0.59** Self-compassion on corona anxiety -0.37** - -0.36** Conclusion The data analysis using SEM showed that mindfulness had a negative and significant effect on corona anxiety. It can be claimed that mindfulness helps us to focus on reality with a comprehensive, objective, and undistorted view (Hofmeyer et al., 2020). People with high mindfulness will be able to understand pain without exaggeration, and when they know their pain and problems, they will have the opportunity to cope and deal with them. In addition, the obtained results from data analysis using SEM revealed a mediating role for self-compassion in the relationship between mindfulness and corona anxiety. Mindfulness enables people to consciously focus on the present and accept unpleasant events and negative emotions as an integral part of every human life, to seek the best way to deal effectively with adverse events. In other words, accepting negative thoughts and feelings as they are paving the way for forming an empathetic, kind, and supportive attitude. In an age of coronary disease, people with high self-kindness can feel more self-care and enjoy every opportunity in life. In days when the need for social distance to combat the prevalence of the virus has affected social communication, they feel compassion and forgiveness instead of blaming themselves for the suffering in life. Such people realize that there is a global Covid-19 epidemic. All people in all cultures and countries are going through these difficult days. Even in some countries, the number of people infected with the virus is much higher than in their living environment. Such situations help people feel more secure and grateful that they are still healthy and alive. Thus, by increasing self-compassion, mindfulness can play a protective role against current stressful situations as an effective psychological strategy and prevent students from engaging in negative emotions such as fear and anxiety caused by the prevalence of the virus and its consequences. Ethical Consideration Compliance with Ethical Guidelines: All ethical issues like informed consent and confidentiality of participants’ identifications were compiled based on ethical committee of University of Yazd. Authors’ Contributions: All authors contributed to the study. The first author written the first draft of the manuscript. The second author edited the manuscript. The third author advised result sections. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest for this study. Funding: This study was conducted with no financial support. Acknowledgment: The authors thank all participants in the study. *. Corresponding author
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