energy - saving behavior

Objective : Changing energy consumption habits is fundamental to promoting sustainable development. This study simulates energy consumption patterns in shared spaces at the University of Tehran using a dynamic model, focusing on residents’ behaviors to reduce electricity use and improve system efficiency. Methods : To address the complex energy consumption system in student dormitories—shaped by behavioral, technical, environmental, and policy-related factors—a system dynamics approach was adopted. Experts in energy management and systems modeling contributed through collaborative meetings and interviews. Data were gathered from national institutions and questionnaires covering 2011–2021. Using Vensim DSS 6.4E, a dynamic model was built and simulated for 2021–2041. Sensitivity analysis helped identify effective energy management policies based on residents’ behavior, and the model’s outputs were analyzed to evaluate key variables.  Results : The model identified four key strategies for managing electricity consumption based on behavioral factors: management through economic investments, residents’ energy-saving behaviors, the actions and behaviors of dormitory staff and administrators, and increased investment in building infrastructure and equipment upgrades. Subsequently, each strategy's individual and combined implementation was examined and compared regarding its impact on the target variables. Combining the first and third strategies was ultimately identified as the most effective approach to electricity consumption management, considering the residents' behavioral patterns. Conclusion : The study shows that combining economic investments with behavioral strategies is the most effective way to manage electricity consumption and improve environmental and social outcomes.