Ethics

Introduction: The concept of ethical branding comes from the intersection of business ethics and brand management. An ethical brand is a brand that prevents harm to others. The purpose of this research is to provide a model of ethical variables influencing branding. Material and Methods: The current research is qualitative and among exploratory and applied research. The statistical population of this research includes business owners in East Azerbaijan province. Through targeted sampling, 15 people were selected as a sample from the target population. The data collection tool was semi-structured in-depth one-on-one interviews. Finally, the obtained data were recorded and analyzed by theme analysis method using MAXQDA18 software. Results: Examining the findings and conducting thematic analysis indicated the effect of 4 main ethical variables or main themes, which included: corporate ethical philosophy, corporate ethical communication, corporate ethical culture and ethical image. Conclusion: The unethical activities of businesses have caused many concerns for managers and academic researchers, because unethical behavior on the one hand affects the brand's personality and on the other hand, the decline of the company's reputation among customers, lack of it leads to repeat purchases and sanctions and punishment of the business by customers. Paying attention to the 4 factors presented in the formation model of ethical branding can have a significant impact on creating brand trust and satisfaction in commercial businesses.

Introduction: Justice and fairness are two basic moral concepts in law. All judges, in the performance of their judicial duties, have faced the demands of issuing "just" and "fair" verdicts many times, without perhaps paying attention to the meanings of justice and fairness. Therefore, in the present study, the place of fairness in fair proceedings has been examined. Materials and Methods: The current review is descriptive and analytical and based on a library study. Conclusion: The rule of fairness, which is the purpose of this research, means considering the circumstances and conditions of the case and involving them in giving the appropriate decision. In the Roman, Germanic and Common law legal systems, fairness is a concept that entered these systems from the past and means a decision based on the judge's conscience. In the common law system, equity is one of the sources of rights; However, fairness is not stated as a rule in Iranian law, and some jurists have proposed it as a source of law that is not written. On the other hand, this concept also has the characteristics of a legal rule and has many applications in law, so it can also be a legal rule

Introduction: Article 206 of the Civil Code considers a forced transaction with defective consent valid. However, Article 190 of the Civil Code states that consent is a condition for the validity of a marriage. In addition, the emergency circumstance in jurisprudence led to a series of rulings and duties. Materials and Methods: This study is descriptive-analytical and uses the library technique. Conclusion: When one of the parties to the marriage, who is aware of the emergency circumstance of the other party, abuses this circumstance with the motive of profit-seeking and brings the other party into the marriage due to an emergency, the marriage is unfair and legally invalid. Iranian law has several opinions on abusing the emergency circumstance of people and imposing an unfair contract on them, including the theory of validity, non-intrusion, termination, and validity with the condition of adjustment or annulment, out of which the theory of non-interference has been chosen because it is fairer and more compatible with justice and preserves the distressed person's rights. In Iranian law, comparing the general rules of contracts with the marriage contract indicates that exclusiveness does not guarantee invalidity and termination of the marriage contract. On the other hand, the validity theory supports distressed people's rights. Therefore, the latter theory, i.e., non-intrusion, that guarantees fair execution when abusing distressed people and is accepted in the general rules of contracts, can be extended to the marriage contract as well.

Introduction: Ethical governance means the exercise of power and sovereignty along with moral values and adherence to divine and human virtues. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the model of ethical governance components based on social capital. Material & Methods: The current research is one of the quantitative researches that was conducted by descriptive and correlation method. The statistical population of this research included employees and personnel and internal managers of gas industries in South Pars region, 384 people were selected as a sample. The research tool was a standard questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation. Results: Based on correlation coefficients, it was determined that the components of ethical governance include efficiency and effectiveness, impartiality and fairness, public satisfaction, accountability, rule of law, strategic perspective, accountability, role promotion, justice, distributive policy, capacity building, professional ethics, economic management, social development, government-centeredness, citizens' participation, legal reforms, anti-corruption, transparency, participation, predictability, accountability have a positive and significant relationship with social capital. Conclusion: The main core of governance, especially in the Islamic perspective, is to observe the strong role of ethics in the governance of society. It is through ethical governance that the social capital of the organization becomes efficient and plays its constructive role in the welfare of the society.