Capital Expenditure

Markets such as Money Market, Labor market, Commodity market along with Capital market are committed to optimal allocation of capital and financial resources. One of the most important sources of information is financial reports. Investors base their decisions on the balance between risk and return and are interested in estimating their expected future returns and investments using information reported by the company and other evidence. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between accounting conservatism and cost of equity capital and evaluate the economic results of accounting conservatism through information perspective. Therefore, in order to achieve the main objective of the research, first the reports and documentation of past performance of the sample member companies have been studied and the required data have been collected. The research hypotheses were then evaluated which consisted of one main hypothesis and two sub-hypotheses, indicating that there is a negative and relatively strong relationship between conserv-atism and capital cost. Differentiating between several aspects of accounting con-servatism and examining the relationship among each aspect and cost of equity capital are new innovation of the present study. .

One of the main challenges for the regulators of oil contracts in Iran is the financial and taxation system and the auditing procedures of oil contracts. This issue has, even after the Islamic Revolution and until today, always been one of the concerns of oil stakeholders, especially in Iran. Nowadays with the selection of the service contract format as the only approved contractual template in upstream oil operations, oil companies, acting as contractors, carry out the investment in oil operations and, if the contractual objectives are achieved, are entitled not only to the reimbursement of costs but also to receive fees. Based on the principle of “no profit, no loss” and in order to prevent the contractor from unjustly benefiting by overstating incurred expenses, the parties classify the costs and, using accounting and auditing principles, stipulate the definitions, instances, and calculations methods of the costs, and so forth. Given Iran’s growing need to conclude Joint Operating Agreements (JOAs) aimed at facilitating technology transfer through enhanced reservoir recovery by assigning operational responsibilities to an Iranian operating company while maintaining the contractor’s overall responsibility it is essential to revise and adapt Iran’s accounting and auditing procedures to align with the specific requirements of such agreements. In this regard, the model accounting procedures published by international petroleum associations can serve as effective and practical benchmarks for reform.