Open Space

Since the quality of apartment buildings is noted, the way of increasing attachment and discovering its effective variables is challenging subjects for researchers in this field. Person, place and process (P.P.P) model of place attachment as the most precise model of them, evaluate attachment to three parts of person, place and process. What is going to be studied in this research is to evaluate attachment of residents to the open space of such buildings. Then, identifying the effective variables and suggesting practical solutions to improve quality of such environment are the subsequent goals of this research. This is practical research with correlational cases study method.used for Ekbatan and Iran Zامین apartment buildings and SPSS is used to analyze data. The findings show that in both cases, attachment is in high degree while physical and social attachment in Iranzامین apartment building is more than Ekbatan. In addition physical attachment is more than social attachment in both cases. The results show that in personal dimensions, designers should pay attention to the expectations and variety of needs for different ages of residents. In place dimensions, type of territories, accessibility, and flexibility of spaces in designing open spaces are the key points for designers. In addition, the way these types of buildings are managed is so important in the process of place attachment that shows it is needed for their managers to have some special skills to respond to the mobility character of place attachment.

Childhood, as the first and most significant period of a person's life, is the founder of children's abilities and creativity (between 2 and 10 years of age). During these years, the child is highly affected by the environment and shows a high level of curiosity about the surrounding environment. Due to the presence of a majority of children aged 2 to 6 years in kindergartens and the need to pay serious attention to their open spaces for the education and development of children's creativity, this article explains the factors affecting the growth of children's creativity in the open spaces of kindergartens. In this regard, some of the effective factors in the development of children's creativity that should be considered in the design of the open spaces of these buildings are provided using the descriptive survey research method. The statistical population of the study included educators and kindergarten staff. Structural equations were used in SPSS and AMOS software to analyze the data. According to the results of the study, it can be stated that the development of children's creativity will not be possible only through educational programs but also through flexible spaces, using natural elements, and children's participation, which will children's creativity. In this regard, the component of children's participation is the most effective in the growth and development of children's creativity. After that, space flexibility, natural elements, space playability, color and light, kind, sense of security, and space legibility, respectively, have the highest effect on the development of children's creativity.

Open spaces play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of life and supporting the mental well-being of older adults. This study examines both physical and non-physical differences in the open spaces of residential complexes designed according to two distinct patterns—mixed and linear—and investigates how these differences relate to the mental health of elderly residents. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys. The study focused on two case examples in Isfahan: the Moshtagh Farhangian Residential Complex (a mixed pattern) and the Aftab Twin Towers (a linear pattern). The results show that several physical factors—such as accessibility to pedestrian and bicycle paths, environmental quality, safety of open spaces, and the presence of natural elements like greenery and water features—and non-physical factors—such as social interaction, individual and group participation, physical activity, and perceived security—have a significant impact on the mental health of elderly residents. However, the importance and effect of these factors differ between the two design patterns. Mixed-layout complexes offer better access, stronger social ties, and superior environmental quality than linear designs, which often suffer from repetitive layouts and poor indoor-outdoor integration, despite their visual appeal. Effectiveness depends on open space placement. These insights can help architects and urban planners design residential complexes that are more functional and supportive of the well-being of older adults.