methamphetamine

Objective: This study investigates the different motives and substance use risk profile in opium and methamphetamine use. Method: The statistical sample includes Seventy-eight individuals with substance use history referred to drop-in center (DIC) that completed research instruments including demographic information (researcher-made questionnaire), substance use motives (Hecimovic, Barrett, Darredeau, and Stewart, 2014), and substance use risk profile scale (Woicik et al., 2009). Multivariate analysis of variance utilized for data analysis based on SPSS-24. Results: The results of the MANOVA indicated that availability, relaxation, enjoying, and sexual motives are significantly higher in individuals using methamphetamine. Also, the results of the substance use risk profile represent that there are significant differences in anxiety sensitivity, sensation-seeking, and impulsivity in opium and methamphetamine use. Conclusions: Findings indicate the important role of motives and substance use risk profile in the tendency to the different types of substances. These various motives and personality risk factors should be considered in educational settings and psychological treatment for different types of substance use, especially opiate or stimulating substances.

Objectives: One of the major complaints of addicts in withdrawal period is their malady and boredom. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of problem solving skills on happiness of addicts to methamphetamine in Tehran city. Method: Using a semi-experimental design and multistage cluster sampling method, 36 addicts were randomly selected and assigned to the experimental and control groups. Both groups filled Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in the pre-test, posttest and after three-month follow up. The participants of the experimental group were taught problem solving skills. Covariance and variance analysis with repeated measurement of Bonn-Ferny test were conducted to analyze the data. Result: Considering the presence of ETA square (0.28), it can be concluded that the experimental intervention led to changes in the treatment group that resulted in 0.28 total changes due to the intervention. We can say that with 99% confidence, there is a statistically significant difference between the mean of the study groups in the three intervention stages. Conclusion: Training problem solving skills is effective in increasing happiness level of addicts to methamphetamine. Keywords: problem solving skills, happiness, methamphetamine, addicts

A B S T R A C T Objective: Depressive mood along with boredom and unhappiness is one of the main consequences of addiction treatment and investigating the reduction strategies is of absolute and sheer necessity. The present research aims to investigate the effectiveness of problem solving training program in happiness and coping style of individuals suffering from drug abuse. Methods: Therefore, in a semi-experimental study, the addicted individuals having low rate of happiness (N=36) were selected through random cluster multi-stratified sampling and assigned into the experimental and control groups. Both groups were measured by Oxford Happiness Inventory and Coping Styles Questionnaire and the experimental group underwent problem solving skills training. Results: the results of covariance analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, variance analysis with repeated measure and t-test indicated that, happiness level (Eta square=.24) and coping style (Eta square=.31) of the experimental group has increased and there is between-group difference in three stages of intervention at 99% of significant level. It can also be concluded that, there is significant relationship between rational coping style (.57), detached coping style (.47) and the increase of happiness in subjects. Moreover, there is significant and negative relationship between emotional coping style (-.41), avoidance coping style (-.35) and the decrease of happiness among the subjects. Increased rate of happiness and rational coping skills were observed in the experimental group. The more the individual uses rational and detached styles, the more his/her happiness is and the more s/he uses emotional and avoidance coping styles, the less her/his happiness is.