Political Parties

The evolution of studies of political parties of constitution: The first and second periods show that the evolution of parties indicates that researchers' attitude to political pheno-mena also coincide with the evolution of political realities has been transformed, and the consideration of ideologies in the analysis of the parties have replaced with religious perspectives and anti-authoritarian and constitutionalism. Contrary to the first studies conducted about parties that had deep attention to party organizations and their ideolo-gies, over time, the methods of achieving political power and achieving constitutional constitution in the first phase of examining a brief overview of different perspectives on parties separate from that is a way to get acquainted with the most important aspects of the life of the parties illustrates the fact that in the political sciences can refer to a new knowledge called "sociology of political parties"; a knowledge, which has placed a set of coherent insights and in practice undergone significant changes. The purpose of this paper is an overview on the emergence and development of political parties of the con-stitution, focusing on the first and second periods. Instead of examining the theory of all the authors that is about political parties of the constitution, it might be better to ex-amine the evolution of views in this regard, and only to analyze the views of scholars who have specialized studies on the emergence and evolution of political parties in con-stitution specially the first and second periods.

Just as the political structure of any country can have a positive or negative impact on the democratization process; The opposition bloc, which includes political parties and currents, civic institutions, etc., has a dual positive and negative impact on this process. In Turkey, the influence of the opposition bloc in the democratization process has been relatively positive for a century. However, in the last two decades, with the rise of the Islamist Justice and Development Party to power, the Turkish opposition bloc has adopted varying approaches to the political structure, which has had a more negative impact on democratization process. The current research has examined the performance of the Republic People's Party as the largest opposition party, focusing on three main approaches of Turkish parties towards the political structure. To this end, a historical institutionalism approach has been adopted using library and digital resources. In terms of methodology, this study has employed the process tracing method. Turkish opposition bloc, especially the political parties, though considered to be a major indicator of democracy, seems to have adopted undemocratic political procedures such as "appeasement procedure", "supportive procedure" and "deviant procedure" in the last two decades.