مطالب

INTRODUCTION: The need to carry out the emergency evacuation of people from disaster-affected areas and their transfer to safe areas, in the shortest possible time and with the least number of injured, has made the issue of urban emergency evacuation a complex one in the real world. The complexity of the spatial layout of the courtyards and the presence of a large population within the Shrine, among which vulnerable groups also have a significant share, increase the probability of the population's vulnerability to natural and human disasters. Based on this, the current research was conducted to investigate the vulnerability of the pilgrims of Imam Reza's Shrine during the emergency evacuation caused by the crisis and what measures could reduce the vulnerability. METHODS: The present applied study was conducted based on a descriptive-analytical method. The required data were collected through documentary-library and field studies methods. The gathered data were analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process model, fuzzy logic, and the Inverse Distance Weighting interpolation method in ArcGIS and Expert Choice software. FINDINGS: The findings of this study indicated that based on the presented integrated model, which included 7 variables of the length of the route, the number of nodes along the route, the number of nodes in the surrounding space of the settlement, fixed and passing population density, the ratio of the population to the width of the exit door, and distance from buildings, the highest level of a possible vulnerability in the Shrine was related to Rozeh Monavvareh, Goharshad Courtyard, Sheikh Bahaie Sanctuary, the western part of the Great Prophet Courtyard, and Bab-Al-Javad in descending order. The north and northeast parts of the Shrine had a low level of vulnerability for people's exit. CONCLUSION: The results of this research showed that the presented model could be used as a suitable model in other religious places. In addition, some measures can be adopted to reduce the vulnerability of pilgrims, including increasing the number and width of the doors, removing obstacles in the place of the doors, and paying attention to the type of activities assigned to different parts of the Shrine

Nowadays, young people are spending the majority of their time on social media, using various platforms like WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, etc. It is a common perception that these media have become the new sources of information, which progressively converts into knowledge. It is interesting to check whether they use those sources to achieve knowledge or not. The main focal point of this study is to understand the political engagement, knowledge, and outlook of college-studying youngsters in India. It studies the factors influencing political awareness and examines the influence of politics and politicians on the involvement of youngsters in politics. The findings show that social media has a significant influence on political issues, but they are also more corrupted

Purpose: The main purpose of this research was to identify the challenges of implementing participatory governance in the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education of the country. Methodology: This study was a mixed research. The statistical population in the qualitative section included the faculty members and experts in the field of public administration, professors familiar with the subject of the research and managers with experience in the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education of the country, who were selected as 12 subjects using the snowball method. The statistical population in the quantitative section also included managers, deputies and experts of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Sciences of the country. The research tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part, it was a researcher made questionnaire. Theme analysis was used to analyze the information in the qualitative part and the AHP method was used to prioritize the factors. Findings: The results indicated that; infrastructures, bureaucratic factors, environmental obstacles, weakness in policy making, public accountability, communication, joint commitment, trust building, obstacles related to executives and common destiny are the main challenges in the implementation of participatory governance in the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education of the country. Conclusion: A total of 10 main themes and 59 sub-themes were identified.

In this paper, we present the macro stress test with a credit risk approach for banking system of Iran during the period 2004Q1-2019Q4. The goal is to evaluate the vulnerability of the banking system through credit risk to the country economic shocks. In this regard , the developed method of Wilson (1997) Credit Portfolio View model including macroeconomic variables and default rate has been used. The results of the applied analysis show that the nominal exchange rate has a significant and positive effect on default rate or credit risk and the variables of the inflation rate, economic growth, loan growth, and liquidity rate have a less negative effect and considering that the economic recession during the studied period, the unemployment rate has had the most positive and destructive effect on the credit risk. Using Mont Carlo simulation and calculating the risk value and expected losses for each of the economic variables, the capital required by banks to cover losses is obtained. The results of the credit risk stress test show that an adverse scenario due to nominal exchange rate shock with a standard deviation has the greatest impact on the amount of capital required to cover unexpected losses compared to the baseline scenario and banks need less capital to cover their losses. But to cover the losses caused by the shocks of other variables, it is necessary to increase their capital. In general, according to the obtained results from the simulation and checking the distribution of credit losses, the banking system except for the nominal exchange rate variable is not resilient to cover losses due to shocks from other variables.

Introduction: Natural disasters are known as one of the most important factors in the destruction of human settlements. One of the key concerns for urban planners is examining how natural disasters affect human settlements, particularly cities. Earthquake is one of these natural disasters that has always threatened human settlements and can cause a lot of damage and casualties in a short period. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the vulnerability of settlements in District 2 of Tabriz, Iran, against earthquakes. Methods: This applied research was conducted based on a descriptive-analytical approach. The primary data of existing documents and maps were collected from related organizations. The analytical hierarchy process model and geographic information system software were used for data analysis. Findings: To determine the vulnerability of the texture of District 2 of Tabriz, such indicators as the distance from the fault, slope percentage, groundwater levels, building age, building materials, building quality, building density, number of floors, plot area, and land use were employed. Conclusion: According to the results, 35% of the region was in the high-risk and 25% in the very high-risk areas. In general, it can be said that most of the region (i.e. 60%) was in the area with a high risk of earthquake, and the area with very high risk was mostly in the northern parts of the region, while the southeastern parts of the region were located in low-risk areas

The art of public speaking comes into play in many places. It is important not only in the delivery of speeches and public talks, but also in professional presentations, training events, and motivational speaking. ELT teachers, teacher trainers, lecturers and university professors, all have a reason at times to speak in front of others. A lackluster speaker can make a topic or proposal seem less than enticing, while a polished speaker can add allure to an otherwise mediocre proposition. Stephen E. Lucas’ “The Art of Public Speaking” is the leading public speaking textbook in the field. Whether a novice or an experienced speaker when beginning the course, every page-turner will learn how to be a better public speaker through Lucas’ clear explanations. Vivid examples, creative activities, annotated speech samples, and foundation of classic and contemporary rhetoric provide learners a strong understanding of public speaking . Lucas’ book which is under review in this paper reminds us that the most ordinary person can become extraordinary by developing their God-given potentials and unique gift of speech to be an inspiration and positive influence in the lives of others.