پوران میرزایی

Thpresent study study analyzes and categorizes the narrations concerning Mutʻah (temporary marriage). The central focus is to demonstrate how the rulings on Mutʻah —whether permissibility, recommendation, command, or prohibition—are influenced by personal, social, and political circumstances as reflected in the language of the narrations. Accordingly, this research employs a library-based method for data collection and an analytical-inferential approach to examine the content of both Shi’a and Sunni narrations. A comprehensive view of these narrations reveals that the ruling on Mutʻah is not absolute; rather, it is shaped by varying conditions and necessities. On an individual level, Mutʻah is permitted when there is a personal need. The narrations that restrict this practice to cases of necessity imply that the limitation is lifted whenever a person faces a particular need, thereby granting them permission to enter into a temporary marriage.On a social level, Mutʻah may serve as a tool to safeguard society—especially in times of crisis, such as war, scarcity of resources, or similar hardships. Thus, narrations that strongly encourage the practice are not merely addressing individual conduct but speak to broader societal imperatives. In these contexts, communal needs take precedence over individual considerations. This may even lead to a situation where social necessity creates an individual necessity, despite the individual not inherently requiring the practice; it is the collective circumstance that generates this need. On a political level, Mutʻah has also been viewed as a means to revive an Islamic tradition and to oppose oppressive governments. In this context, the command to engage in Mutʻah is, in fact, an effort to promote and normalize the practice in society in response to its prohibition by ruling authorities.

The responses of impeccable Imams to the question of entering the world into an egg, without changing the volume of both sides, are among the problematic narratives in the field of monotheism, the interpretation of which may be considered as knowing the impossible rational matter by using the analogy of entering the image of objects into the eye, which is not consistent with the content of the original question; the issue does not end there and receiving conflicting dual answers from the Imams to the same question and considering this matter as impossible, are among the other challenges in dealing with this category of hadiths. The present study has used a descriptive-analytical method to explain these hadiths and has found that scholars only accept the apparent indication of the narratives, considering this matter as impossible, and interpret or deny the narratives that have addressed the problem through a metaphorical representation of the world entering the eye. On the other hand, one can interpret some narratives that indicate the possibility of this matter by making changes to both sides and remaining silent, and present a new interpretation based on the theories of "Holography" and "Removal of Empty Space of Atoms" in contemporary sciences, in a way that it can be considered as a solution to resolve the contradiction. In fact, the Imams have sometimes given a precise and real answer to the narrators' current state and needs, and sometimes a metaphorical and tacit answer, so that neither the scholars remain ignorant of the truth nor a pretext for denying the power of Almighty God is created for the ignorant and the opponents. Therefore, merely benefiting from a strange appearance of a narrative or initially understanding it in conflict with reason, knowledge, epistemological geometry, etc., is not a sufficient reason for rejection and denial, and a precise understanding of the hadiths requires multidimensional studies that taking into account the knowledge of contemporary humanity can be one of the requirements that can change the world of hadith understanding.