Slim Belaid

Digitalization is rapidly changing employment dynamics, demanding an understanding of how digital technologies impact employability. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between digitalization and employability through a hybrid approach combining bibliometric analysis with a systematic theoretical review, based on the 4Ws framework (What, When, Where, and Why). Through the examination of thematic trends spanning the years 2010 to 2023, this study reveals significant domains in which digital transformation is influencing employability. The results underscore three primary thematic categories: the evolution of employment models catalyzed by digital technologies, the shift from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0, and theoretical advancements that concentrate on the informal economy alongside comparative analyses. This research contributes to addressing theoretical gaps regarding the lasting impact of digitalization on labor markets, with a particular focus on skill acquisition and job security. It presents targeted approaches for scholars, educators, and industry stakeholders to improve employability amid technological change. These include creating adaptive skill development programs, using AI in workforce management, and encouraging policies that enhance workers’ adaptability to new digital innovations. By presenting clear insights on how digitalization may affect employability, this research aims to enable more informed decisions for designing educational strategies and labor policies.