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چکیده

دادسرا به عنوان یکی از مهم ترین نهادهای تأمین کننده امنیت قضایی و حفاظت از آزادی های اساسی در حقوق ایران و فرانسه، تحت ریاست دادستان به عنوان مدعی العموم عمل می کند. در چارچوب وظایف و اختیارات دادستان، تأمین امنیت قضایی یکی از اصلی ترین رسالت های وی محسوب می شود. هدف این مقاله، بررسی تطبیقی وظایف و اختیارات دادستان در حقوق ایران و فرانسه و نقش آن ها در حفظ و گسترش امنیت قضایی است. پژوهش حاضر با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی به بررسی محورهای اصلی تأمین امنیت قضایی شامل حفظ و گسترش امنیت قضایی، تضمین اصول دادرسی منصفانه و تضمین عدالت قضایی می پردازد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد که اصولی نظیر تضمین برائت، حق سکوت، تفهیم اتهام، داشتن وکیل، قانونی بودن دادرسی، غیرعلنی بودن دادرسی، مستند بودن حکم قاضی، جرم شناسی عمل از نظر قانون، عدم عطف به ما سبق قوانین، علنی بودن محاکمات و حق دادخواهی، از مهم ترین ابزارهای حفظ و گسترش امنیت قضایی در هر دو نظام حقوقی هستند. با این حال، در برخی موارد، فقدان رعایت کامل برخی از این اصول موجب خدشه دار شدن امنیت قضایی شده است.

An Analysis of the Duties and Powers of the Prosecutor in Preservation and Expansion of Judicial Security with a Comparative Approach in Iranian and French Law)

One of the most important institutions for ensuring preservation and expansion of judicial security and fundamental freedoms in the laws of Iran and France is the office of the prosecutor, headed by the public prosecutor as the representative of society, one of whose most important missions, in line with his set of duties and powers, can be considered to be ensuring judicial security. Background and purpose: The purpose of the following article is to clarify the duties and powers of the prosecutor in Iranian and French law in a comparative environment in order to preserve and expand judicial security. Materials and Methods: The present study, which was developed using a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the question of what the duties and powers of the prosecutor in preservation and expansion of judicial security are in Iranian and French law. Ensuring judicial security is shaped around three axes: maintenance and expansion of judicial security, ensuring fair trial principles in order to ensure judicial security, and ensuring judicial justice. Conclusion: Safeguarding the principle of the presumption of innocence, the principle of the right to remain silent, the principle of right to attend the arraignment hearing, the principle of the right to legal counsel, the principle of legality of mode of trial and nulla poena sine lege, the principle of non-publicity of certain trials, the principle of the judgment having to adhere to the law, the principle of recognizing the act as a crime in terms of law, the principle of non-retroactivity of the law, the principle of publicity of trials and the right to be heard are the most important principles for preservation and expansion of judicial security in Iranian and French law that have been discovered in this research and which in some cases judicial security has been undermined because some of them have not been given due consideration. 

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