گسست فرهنگی و موسیقی در میان نسل دوم مهاجرین افغانستانی در ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
پرسش اصلی این پژوهش به تأثیر ژانرهای مختلف موسیقی در برساخت هویت مهاجران افغانستانی مقیم ایران می پردازد. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی، به بررسی نقش موسیقی در هویت یابی نسل دوم مهاجران افغانستانی ساکن ایران می پردازد. روش تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی و مبتنی بر گردآوری داده ها از طریق منابع کتابخانه ای، کار میدانی و مصاحبه های عمقی است. گردآوری داده های میدانی به شیوه نمونه گیری گلوله برفی و از طریق برقراری ارتباط با هنرمندان و موسیقی دانان افغان فعال در ایران انجام شده؛ مشاهده مشارکتی در محیط دیاسپورایی و مصاحبه با اعضای گروه های موسیقی همچون گروه رپ «قلم» و گروه راک «اریکین» شکل گرفته است. جامعه مورد مطالعه، نسل دوم و سوم مهاجران افغانستانی متولد یا بزرگ شده ایران هستند که اغلب تجربه مستقیم مهاجرت نداشته اما با مسائل هویتی و فرهنگی پیچیده مواجه اند. یافته ها نشان می دهد نسل نخست مهاجران با تأکید بر موسیقی فولکلور سعی در حفظ هویت سنتی خود دارند، درحالی که نسل دوم با تکیه بر ژانرهای جهانی نظیر پاپ، راک و رپ هویت ترکیبی و متمایز خود را شکل می دهند. برای نسل دوم، موسیقی تبدیل به ابزاری جهت بیان مقاومت، خودابرازگری و جستجوی جایگاه اجتماعی شده است. همچنین، میل به مهاجرت به کشورهای ثالث و عدم تعلق کامل به جامعه میزبان به وضوح در نگرش و آثار موسیقایی آنها دیده می شود.Cultural Disjuncture and Music Among the Second Generation of Afghan Immigrants in Iran
One of the most important challenges of Afghan immigrants in Iran is to provide a definition of "self". This issue continues with more severity for the second generation of Afghan immigrants living in Iran. The effect of music on the identity of immigrants in Iran and its role in integrating them with the host society is a topic that has not been given enough attention. Data collection in this research has been done through library sources and fieldwork. Field studies has been realized through finding the gathering place of artists and musicians and conducting interviews with them.Second generation Afghan immigrants living in Iran have a mixed identity and at the same time consider themselves to belong to several geographies and cultures. Afghan immigrants in Iran are in a complicated situation, because the Iranian part of this identity is in crisis and the Afghan part, has no objectivity and has not been recognized by the host society. Music is present both in the discourses and systems that impose identity on people, and as a tool to resist them. The Afghan immigrants of the first generation try to impose their traditional identity on the next generation through Afghan folk music, while those of the second generation use main stream music such as: rock and rap music as a means of resistance. This issue can be examined from different aspects; on one hand, because of the generation cultural gap that exists and that young people want to show their identity differently, the difference is that they want to bring their cultural identity to the foreground regardless of their national and ethnic identity. On the other hand, the tendency of the second Afghan generations toward these genres can simultaneously be interpreted as an effort to connect with their peers in Iran and to join the global genres.The new generation of immigrants want to determine their own destiny and not surrender to pre-destined societal roles. Therefore, they need to find another musical space with which they can express their identity. For this reason, because folk music, with its special characteristics, has not been able to meet the needs and desires of the new generation of Afghan immigrants, their efforts to choose a new music genre can be interpreted as an attempt to change their status in society. In the cultural programs of the diaspora community of Afghans living in Iran, held in official spaces, only folk music accompanied by traditional instruments is present. This issue can indicate the presence of the first generation of immigrants in the cultural sectors of the Afghan diaspora society, which is trying and insisting on keeping traditional music alive and preserving what it considers to be authentic identity. While we are witnessing a more informal flow of the musical life of the Afghan diaspora community in Iran, where popular music genres are often used. In this article, the rap group Qalam, the rock group Arikin were investigated.
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