تبیین راهبردهای حفاظت از میراث معماری و شهری با رویکرد ارتقای مشارکت اجتماعی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مشارکت اجتماعی به عنوان رویکردی مؤثر در حفاظت مکان های تاریخی، نقشی اساسی در پایداری اقدامات حفاظتی ایفا می کند. هدف پژوهش، تبیین راهبردهای کارآمد برای افزایش مشارکت اجتماعی در حفاظت از میراث فرهنگی با تأکید بر میراث معماری و شهری است. این مطالعه با رویکرد کیفی و با استفاده از روش نظریه داده بنیاد انجام شده و داده ها ازطریق مصاحبه با مدیران و متخصصان گردآوری شده است. پژوهش حاضر، 7 راهبرد اصلی و 36 مقوله فرعی و مفاهیم زیرمجموعه آن ها را برای ارتقای مشارکت اجتماعی در حفاظت مکان های تاریخی تحلیل و تفسیر کرده است. یافته ها بیانگر این است که راهبردهای هفت گانه مشارکت اجتماعی می توانند در چهار سطح انگیزشی، توانمندسازی، نهادسازی و ارتباطی دسته بندی شوند. سطح انگیزشی با بسترسازی روانی-اجتماعی، سطح توانمندسازی با ارتقای قابلیت های جامعه محلی، سطح نهادسازی با ایجاد ساختارهای حمایتی و سطح ارتباطی با تسهیل تعاملات بین ذی نفعان، در قالب نظامی به هم پیوسته عمل می کنند. این سطوح چهارگانه در قالب شبکه ای پویا با یکدیگر تعامل دارند و راهبردها به طور هم زمان در چندین سطح تأثیرگذار هستند. موفقیت در حفاظت مشارکتی از میراث معماری و شهری نیازمند رویکردی جامع است که ابعاد علمی، اجتماعی، آموزشی، مدیریتی و نهادی را در بر گیرد و زمینه مشارکت فعال تمامی ذی نفعان را فراهم سازد. راهبردهای مشارکتی ارائه شده با تلفیق دانش تخصصی و تجارب محلی، ضمن حفظ اصالت و هویت مکان های تاریخی، چارچوبی برای درک و تسهیل فرایند مشارکت اجتماعی در حفاظت و مدیریت میراث فرهنگی فراهم می کنند. این رویکرد یکپارچه نه تنها به حفظ ارزش های فرهنگی کمک می کند، بلکه موجب تقویت حس تعلق جامعه و پایداری طولانی مدت اقدامات حفاظتی می شود.Explaining Architectural and Urban Heritage Conservation Strategies with an Approach to Enhancing Social Participation
IntroductionArchitectural and urban heritage as a symbol of cultural identity and historical memory plays a vital role in fostering social cohesion and ensuring sustainable local development. Since this heritage belongs to the community, its conservation requires the active and effective involvement of local stakeholders. Participatory approaches in heritage conservation are recognized as crucial for preserving authenticity and enhancing the community's sense of belonging to their environment. However, the full potential of social participation is often underutilized, revealing a significant gap between theoretical importance and practical implementation. This issue is particularly pronounced in the context of Iran's architectural and urban heritage, where insufficient engagement can undermine conservation efforts and lead to the loss of valuable socio-economic opportunities. Therefore, this study aimed to explore effective mechanisms for enhancing social participation in heritage conservation and develop both conceptual and practical strategies to strengthen community involvement in this area. Material & MethodsThis research was applied in its objectives and qualitative in nature, utilizing the grounded theory method. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 26 participants, including managers, experts, and academic faculty members with practical experience in architectural conservation and urban regeneration in the cities of Tabriz and Urmia. Participants were purposefully selected using the snowball sampling technique and interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The data analysis process was conducted in 3 stages: identifying key concepts, grouping these concepts into sub-categories, and extracting the main categories most relevant to the research question. The study analyzed and interpreted 7 main strategies and 36 sub-categories, along with their underlying concepts, aiming at enhancing social participation in the conservation of historical sites. To ensure the validity of the findings, 4 criteria—credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability—were applied and the results were reviewed by selected interviewees and subject matter experts. Discussion of Results & ConclusionThe findings of this study underscored the critical role of social participation in achieving sustainable conservation of historical sites. By utilizing a qualitative and grounded theory approach, the research developed an analytical framework that identified and explaind 7 integrated strategies across 4 interconnected levels: motivation, empowerment, institution-building, and communication. These strategies not only facilitated community involvement, but also addressed the systemic and structural requirements of participatory heritage management. One of the central strategies known as the main category of "knowledge-based management and comprehensive studies" emphasized the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach that encompassed scientific, social, educational, and institutional dimensions. Collaborative studies with stakeholders provided a robust foundation for sustainable conservation that aligned with contemporary needs. Furthermore, empowering local communities through economic incentives, supportive policies, participatory planning, and cultural promotion enhanced community ownership and fostered long-term engagement in heritage processes. Education and awareness-raising, both formal and informal, also emerged as crucial elements. These encompassed professional training, public education, and identity-based learning approaches that encouraged civic participation. Additionally, integrated participatory-expert management ensured quality through strategic planning and professional oversight, while promoting public involvement in decision-making and implementation processes. The strategy of sustainable conservation, revitalization, and adaptive reuse highlighted the importance of functional and cultural rehabilitation in harmony with urban development goals. Initiatives, such as heritage-compatible uses, tourism development, and community-driven cultural revival, contributed to both economic sustainability and enhanced local identity. Institutional coherence was vital as evidenced by the institutional integration and synergy strategy, which advocated for supportive governmental frameworks, inter-organizational coordination, and multi-level partnerships. Finally, transparency and trust-building at both organizational and community levels were essential for ensuring accountability and encouraging continuous stakeholder participation. Despite methodological limitations, such as the qualitative focus and limited local representation, this research presented a conceptual model that offered a cohesive and scalable framework for participatory conservation. Effective implementation, however, required gradual policy reform, capacity building within institutions, and enhanced inter-organizational coordination. Future research should adopt mixed methods and broaden stakeholder representation to improve applicability and policy relevance.
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