مقایسه کیفیت زندگی و رضایت از زندگی زنان سرپرست خانواده وام اشتغال زایی گرفته با زنان سرپرست خانواده وام اشتغال زایی نگرفته (مورد مطالعه: زنان تحت پوشش کمیته امداد امام خمینی شهرستان فردیس) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف پژوهش، مقایسه کیفیت زندگی و رضایت از زندگی زنان سرپرست خانواده دریافت کننده وام اشتغال زایی با زنان سرپرست خانواده وام اشتغال زایی نگرفته زیر پوشش کمیته امداد امام خمینی شهرستان فردیس بود. روش پژوهش، توصیفی- پیمایشی و به شیوه علّی- مقایسه ای انجام شد. براساس جدول کرجسی- مورگان 344 نفر حجم نمونه با شیوه نمونه گیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. نمونه ها به دو نیمه مساوی 172 نفر وام گرفته و 172 نفر وام نگرفته تقسیم شدند. از پرسش نامه کیفیت زندگی سازمان جهانی بهداشت ( WHO,QOL-BREF ) و از پرسش نامه استاندارد مقیاس رضایت از زندگی (SWLS) استفاده شد. یافته های آزمون t گروه های مستقل نشان داد که کیفیت زندگی و رضایت زندگی زنان سرپرست خانواده دریافت کننده وام اشتغال زایی به صورت معناداری متفاوت از سایر زنان سرپرست خانواده ای است که وام اشتغال زایی دریافت نکرده اند. نتایج مانوا نشان داد که وام اشتغال زایی 6/19% تغییرات رضایت از زندگی و 5/12% کیفیت زندگی زنان را تبیین می کند. نتیجه نهایی نشان داد که تشویق به وام اشتغال زایی از عوامل کاهش فقر زنان سرپرست خانواده و توسعه اجتماعی است.Comparative Analysis of Quality of Life and Life Satisfaction among Female Heads of Families: A Case Study of Job Creation Loan Recipients vs. Non-Recipients as Supported by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Fardis County
IntroductionThis research aimed to compare the quality of life and life satisfaction of women as heads of families receiving Job Creation Loans with those supported by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Fardis County. The study was framed within Anthony Giddens' structuration theory, employing an agent-oriented approach. Structuration encompasses fundamental concepts that pertain to the structure and dynamics of social life (Stones, 2008). According to Giddens, social functions are derived from individual capabilities that enable participation in social activities within established structures (Giddens, 1984). He argues that the central focus of social sciences, as per structuration theory, is not merely the experiences of individual actors or any form of social comprehensiveness, but rather the social functions organized in time and space (Ritzer, 2005, p. 601). This study incorporated various theories related to quality of life, including those by Zahn (1992), Hernandez et al. (2009), and the World Health Organization, as well as theories on life satisfaction from Diener et al. (1985), Kahneman et al. (1999), and Chase (2018). The World Health Organization defines quality of life as an individual's perception of their position in life shaped by the cultural and social values, within which they exist (2009, et al. and Rana, p. 14). Zahn's theory (1992) conceptualizes quality of life as a multidimensional construct that includes various indicators and components, such as life satisfaction, self-image, health, and economic and cultural factors. The perception of quality of life arises from the interaction between individuals and their environments. Furthermore, life satisfaction is linked to health-related behaviors (Chase, 2018) and is influenced by one's sense of purpose and the pursuit of a better life (Kahneman, 1999), encompassing dimensions of physical, mental, and social health. Materials & MethodsThe research employed a descriptive-survey method conducted in a causal-comparative manner.A simple random sampling technique was utilized with a sample size estimated at 344 participants based on the Krejci-Morgan table. The sample was evenly divided into two groups of 172 individuals each: one group consisting of women receiving employment loans and the other comprising women who did not receive such loans. Notably, the study excluded single women, who had never married and were self-employed.The World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHO QOL-BREF) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were administered to assess the quality of life and life satisfaction, respectively. T-test statistics were employed to compare the two groups, while multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to explore changes in quality of life and life satisfaction. Discussion of Results & ConclusionThe average quality of life and its components among female heads of households, who received employment loans, were significantly higher than those of women, who did not receive such loans (46.55 versus 2.69), indicating a moderate level of quality of life. This confirmed the research hypothesis. A notable disparity was observed in the component of beliefs, where the average quality of life for women, who received loans, was considerably greater than that for those who did not (18.26 versus 2.86). Women who received loans enjoyed more favorable living conditions, along with heightened expectations and positive attitudes about their future, empowerment, and self-sufficiency. Additionally, the findings revealed that life satisfaction among women who borrowed was substantially higher compared to those who did not, with scores of 74.4 versus 2.70, respectively. The results of t-test on the independent groups indicated significant differences in both quality of life and life satisfaction between female heads of families receiving Job Creation Loans and those who did not. The MANOVA results further demonstrated that Job Creation Loans accounted for 19.6% of the variance in life satisfaction and 12.5% of the variance in women's quality of life.In conclusion, promoting access to employment loans is a crucial factor in enhancing the quality of life and life satisfaction among female heads of households. Furthermore, these loans contribute to poverty reduction and foster both individual and social development.
تبلیغات
