ارائه الگوی مطلوب سنجش محرومیت اجتماعی با تأکید بر عدالت اجتماعی (مقدمه ای بر مفهوم درماندگی اجتماعی) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
بخش عظیمی از برنامه های توسعه در سطح کشورهای جهان به رفع محرومیت اجتماعی و بهبود کیفیت زندگی افراد اختصاص یافته است؛ بااین حال به نظر می رسد تلقی از محرومیت اجتماعی نزد محققان و سیاست گذاران به سبب نارسایی و ضعف در سنجش، مانع از دستیابی به اهداف مذکور می شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف نقد و ارزیابی شاخص ها و ابزارهای پرکاربرد در تحلیل محرومیت اجتماعی طی سه دهه اخیر (۲۰۲۳-۱۹۹۰) و ارائه الگوی مطلوب برای سنجش این مفهوم صورت گرفته است؛ بدین منظور بیش از ۱۰۰ اثر پژوهشی مرتبط با محرومیت اجتماعی از زوایای مختلف روش شناختی و معرفت شناختی با بهره گیری از روش اسنادی واکاوی و نقد شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که بیشتر محققان و سیاست گذاران در تحلیل و ارزیابی محرومیت علاقه مند به رویکردهای کمّی محور بوده اند. همچنین بیشتر شاخص ها و ابزارهای استفاده شده از مداخله شرایط زمینه ای و عناصر خرده فرهنگ ها در تحلیل نهایی ناتوان بوده اند؛ درنهایت با در نظر گرفتن خلأ های موجود، سه الگوی «محرومیت اجتماعی به مثابه درماندگی اجتماعی»، «توسعه فردی» و «سرمایه فرهنگی» شناسایی و به منظور دستیابی به فهم عمیق و ارزیابی دقیق از محرومیت شرح داده شد. از میان این سه الگو، محرومیت اجتماعی به مثابه درماندگی از این جهت که مبین دقیق تری برای نوع و شدت محرومیت در میان جوامع درگیر با انواع نابرابری ها و مسائل اجتماعی است، بر آن ازسوی نویسندگان مقاله تأکید بیشتری شذ. در این مقاله سعی بر آن بوده است تا پدیده درماندگی اجتماعی معرفی شود که بیانگر همراهی محرومیت اجتماعی بالا و عدالت اجتماعی ادراک شده پایین است.Providing a Desirable Model for Measuring Social Deprivation with an Emphasis on Social Justice (An Introduction to the Concept of Social Misery)
IntroductionSocial deprivation is a complex and multifaceted concept that significantly affects individuals' ability to meet their needs, desires, hopes, and expectations. Many development programs worldwide are dedicated to alleviating social deprivation and enhancing individuals' quality of life. To effectively address this issue, it is crucial to understand the indicators, dimensions, tools, and components that constitute social deprivation. The importance of this understanding lies in the fact that differing methodologies can yield varied analytical results. These indicators and tools are typically categorized into micro and macro levels and divided into quantitative, qualitative, and mixed groups. However, researchers and policymakers often struggle with inadequate measurement techniques, which hinder progress toward their goals. Moreover, at a deeper level, social deprivation coupled with rampant social injustice can result in more severe issues, such as "social misery". This study aimed to explore the concept of social misery and propose a robust model for measuring social deprivation based on empirical research. Materials & MethodsThis study investigated global research on social deprivation through documentary analysis. It reviewed both domestic and international studies published from 1990 to 2023. A comprehensive search was conducted in reputable Persian- and English-language scientific databases using relevant keywords, ultimately identifying 100 key studies. The research focused on the methodological aspects of these academic papers and documents, emphasizing the indicators, tools, and measures employed to explain social deprivation. The findings aimed to enhance the understanding of this phenomenon and the methods used for its assessment and analysis. Discussion of Results & ConclusionThe research findings indicated that most researchers and policymakers tended to favor quantitative approaches when analyzing and evaluating deprivation. Furthermore, the majority of indicators and tools employed had struggled to adequately account for contextual conditions and subcultural elements in their analyses. To address these gaps, 3 models were identified and described: "Social Deprivation as Social Misery", "Personal Development", and "Cultural Capital". Among these, "Social Deprivation as Social Misery" received the most emphasis as it offered a more accurate depiction of the type and severity of deprivation in societies grappling with various inequalities and social issues. This article aimed to introduce the concept of social misery, which reflected the coexistence of high social deprivation and low perceived social justice. Social deprivation framed as social misery profoundly impacted the quality of life for individuals and groups within the society. This concept generally referred to the lack of access to essential resources, opportunities, and services, thereby highlighting the existing inequalities and injustices. The interplay between social deprivation and social injustice could lead to social misery characterized by feelings of helplessness and distrust in the possibility of improving one’s living conditions. Our analysis revealed that social deprivation and social misery were two sides of the same coin closely interconnected. Addressing social deprivation and societal injustices necessitated having a serious commitment to fair resource distribution, strengthening individual and communal capacities, and raising public awareness about growing inequalities and injustices. The development of comprehensive policies and strategies aimed at promoting social justice could help mitigate social deprivation and, consequently, social misery. Additionally, emphasizing the expansion of social misery underscored the importance of considering the psychological and subjective dimensions of deprivation and social injustice. Increasing awareness and self-confidence among individuals in confronting social and economic challenges could reduce feelings of misery and enhance their active participation in the society.
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