نزدیک سپاری و سیاست همسایگی در اقتصاد شبکه ای، درس هایی از تجربه مناطق آزاد مکزیک (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
بعد از دهه های هفتاد و هشتاد میلادی با ایجاد تحولات در عرصه فن آوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات و هم چنین با خصوصی سازی بنگاه ها و شرکت ها جهان جدیدی به وجود آمد که به آن اقتصاد جهانی یا اقتصاد شبکه ای می گویند. درواقع اقتصاد شبکه ای و نزدیک سپاری به عنوان دو عامل کلیدی در شکل دهی به مناسبات اقتصادی بین الملل و تجارت میان کشورهای همسایه شناخته می شوند. مناطق آزاد تجاری-صنعتی مکزیک، نمونه ای از کاربرد این دو مفهوم می باشد که در عمل، به دنبال جذب سرمایه گذاری خارجی، ایجاد اشتغال و توسعه اقتصادی در منطقه هستند. لذا این پژوهش، به دنبال بررسی نزدیک سپاری و سیاست همسایگی در اقتصاد شبکه ای، با درس هایی از تجربه مناطق آزاد مکزیک با کشورهای همسایه خود، به ویژه ایالات متحده آمریکا است، که می تواند الگویی برای مناطق آزاد کشورهای کمتر توسعه یافته در جهان با کشورهای همسایه خود باشد. و با بکار گیری سیاست همسایگی برای مناطق آزاد این کشورها در جهت پیوند خوردن با اقتصاد شبکه ای باشد. از این رو مسئله اصلی این پژوهش به دنبال یافتن الگوی مناسبی برای پیوندهای مناطق آزادکشورهای کمتر توسعه یافته با اقتصاد جهانی می باشد. لذا پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد توصیفی- تحلیلی و با استفاده از متون کتابخانه ای، تحلیل اسناد و مدارک، نتایج این پژوهش نشان دهنده این است که راهبرد سیاست همسایگی با نزدیک سپاری در مناطق آزاد تجاری-صنعتی الگویی برای سیاست گذاران و فعالان اقتصادی می باشد که می تواند در اکثر کشورهای درحال توسعه جنبه اجرایی داشته باشد. علاوه بر این در جهت بهره مندی از مزایای اقتصاد شبکه ای و نزدیک سپاری در چارچوب سیاست همسایگی به عنوان یک راهبرد، مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد.NearShoring and Neighborhood Policy in Network Economy, Lessons from the Experience of Mexican Free Zones
Introduction In the late twentieth century and during the 1980s, the world was in a new situation, relying on information technology, which in addition to emerging from the economic recession, was able to rebuild the relations between the free economy and capitalism and gradually shape economic prosperity in the developed world. This new situation, which was based on the decentralization of large manufacturing industries, relying on information technology and the fragmentation of various production sectors and sending them to other geographical areas of the world, which was created based on economies of scale and supply chain networks, is known as contemporary globalization. Contemporary globalization in the twenty-first century, by improving communication networks and distributing production units, connected the geographical areas of the world more than ever before and led to the development of different parts of the world. In fact, the global economy has transformed from the Fordist-Keynesian economic model to a new situation as the post-Fordist economy. Which is also called the network economy. In fact, the network economy has created new patterns of production and distribution by focusing on communications and interactions between companies and individuals. Therefore, in today's world, with increasing interactions in the field of global trade and increasing advances in technology and the interconnectedness of information technology in the networked world, the global economy has been greatly affected by various factors, including proximity and neighborhood politics. Methodology The present study, while analyzing the nexus and neighborhood policy in the network economy, has tried to consider it as a successful model for the free zones of Iran, especially the Mako Free Zone, and the free zones of Turkey. This has been achieved with a descriptive-analytical approach and using library texts and document analysis. The results of the study are a suitable model for the free zones in the country, especially in relation to the economies of Turkey and Iran, as well as the free zones in both countries. Results and Discussion A significant number of literary tourists are women. Based on the findings of the questionnaire, 63.5% of the interviewees were women and 36.5% were men. According to the findings of the questionnaire, a large population of interviewees, i.e. 40.6% of them, were young people between 21 and 30 years old. Few of these people were over 50 years old. Also, a significant number of literary tourists were people with bachelor's degrees. These people accounted for 40.6% of the interviewees. After this group, there are post-graduates who made up 18.8% of Conclusion The overall conclusion of the study of the experience of Mexican free zones in the field of proximity and neighborhood policy in the network economy shows that regional cooperation and integration of policies and infrastructure can significantly lead to economic growth, reduce trade costs and strengthen value chains. By using incentive policies, developing communication infrastructure and utilizing new technologies, Mexican free zones have been able to facilitate the flow of goods, services and capital and increase cooperation between small and large enterprises. This experience offers valuable lessons for other countries and free zones to improve cross-border cooperation, attract joint investments and achieve sustainable development. Finally, the success of this approach requires coordination of national and regional policies, transparency in management and a focus on reducing economic inequalities.
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